homework

Question #1: Look at the list of small and large business hazards in tables 3.2 and 3.3 of your text. Identify at least five (5) additional hazards that are not on either list and write a description for each of the additional hazards you identify.

Additional Hazards identified are as follows.

Accidental Falls and Falling Objects

If your employees work at elevated heights, they may be at risk of accidental falls. Anytime objects are stored at or above head level, there is a risk of injury caused by falling objects. Wearing safety gear including a hard hat or harness, and installing guardrails or a safety net can reduce the risk of injury. Instruct employees on the safe use of equipment.

Repetitive Use Injury

When your employees repeat the same actions throughout the day, such as typing or rolling dough, or washing windows, they are at risk of repetitive use injury. The parts of the body that suffer from repetitive use are the back, shoulders, forearms, wrists and hands. Ensuring adequate breaks from job duties can reduce the risk of injury.

Intentional Acts

Accidents that were not prevented and intentional acts that were not deterred can result in property damage and business disruptions. For those hazards that cannot be prevented, there are still many opportunities to reduce the potential impacts on life, property, business operations and the environment. These opportunities are addressed in risk mitigation.  High valued assets including data centers, expensive production equipment and hazardous processes should be carefully reviewed to determine the most appropriate protection in accordance with national standards. Computer network security should be evaluated to determine whether electronic information is secure.

Location hazard

 In most cities, violent crime tends to be concentrated in specific neighborhoods. Problem is, some historic hotels may have been built in posh enclaves, but the neighborhoods around them have changed. Friends and colleagues – on social media or in real life – can be great sources for information. “If you want to be a real sleuth,” McIndoe advises, “call the local police department and ask about the neighborhood.”

Hazardous materials releases

Hazardous chemicals are prevalent throughout our society. While industry is the primary user and maintainer of hazardous chemicals, we also have them in our homes, in our cars, at our places of work and recreation. Hazardous materials move through our region on highways, rail lines, pipelines, and by ship and barge through Puget Sound. When not properly contained, the chemical, physical and biological properties of hazardous materials pose a potential risk to life, health, the environment, and property. Hazardous materials may be explosive, flammable, combustible, corrosive, reactive, poisonous, biological or radioactive, as well as solid, liquid or gaseous.

Question #2: Complete Project 3.2 - Localized Hazards - on pages 105-106 of your text.

Harris County, which covers 1,778 square miles (US Census Bureau), is situated on the upper Gulf Coast in Southeast Texas. It is limited by Waller County on the north and west, Montgomery County on the north, Liberty and Chambers Counties on the east, Galveston and Brazoria Counties on the south, and Fort Bend County on the west. Harris County's southern half is level seaside prairie and the northern half touches the moving East Texas timberlands. Focal Harris County is 55 feet above ocean level. The area rises slowly to more than 200 feet on the northern outskirts, while the smallish feigns around upper Galveston Bay slide to ocean level. The dirt is substantial dark seaside earth in the south and sandy soil north of Buffalo Bayou. Local trees incorporate pine and such hardwoods as oak, fiery debris, and hickory. The normal yearly precipitation in Harris County is 48.19 inches, and the mean temperature is 69.6 degrees F. Harris County is truly subjected to a tropical storm sway by and large like clockwork, any of which can be calamitous because of its vicinity to the Gulf Coast. The province has the potential for other characteristic catastrophes too, especially flooding.

Flood

Flooding is the most regular and excessive normal risk in the United States, bringing about more than 10,000 passings since 1900. (U.S. Water News Online, 2000) Historically, almost 90 percent of presidential debacle presentations result from surge related occasions. (FEMA) Floods are by and large the consequence of unnecessary precipitation, and can be grouped in two general classifications: general and streak surges. General surges are characterized as precipitation over a given waterway bowl, while streak surges are the result of overwhelming confined precipitation falling in a brief span period. The seriousness of a surge occasion is dictated by the accompanying attributes: a blend of stream and waterway bowl geology and physiography; precipitation and climate designs; late soil dampness conditions; and the level of vegetative clearing. The intermittent flooding of terrains adjoining waterways, streams, and shorelines is a characteristic and inescapable event that can be required to happen based upon built up repeat interims. The repeat interim of a surge is characterized as the normal time interim, in years, expected between a surge occasion of a specific greatness and an equivalent or bigger surge. Surge greatness increments with expanding repeat interim.

Hurricanes and Coastal Storms

Sea tempests, hurricanes, nor'easters and tropical storms, likewise delegated violent winds, incorporate any shut course creating around a low-weight focus in which the winds pivot counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere (or clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere) and whose breadth midpoints 10 to 30 miles over. A tropical violent wind alludes to any such dissemination that creates over tropical waters. Tropical violent winds go about as a "wellbeing valve," restricting the proceeded with develop of warmth and vitality in tropical locales by keeping up the barometrical warmth and dampness equalization between the tropics and the post ward scopes. The essential harming strengths connected with these tempests are abnormal state supported winds, substantial precipitation, and tornadoes. Beach front ranges are likewise defenseless against the extra powers of tempest surge, wind-driven waves, and tidal flooding. The key vitality hotspot for a tropical violent wind is the arrival of inert warmth from the buildup of warm water. Their development requires a low-weight unsettling influence, warm ocean surface temperature, rotational power from the turning of the earth, and the nonattendance of wind shear in the most reduced 50,000 feet of the climate. The greater part of typhoons and hurricanes structure in the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico amid the Atlantic tropical storm season, which includes the months of June through November. The crest of the Atlantic sea tempest season is in ahead of schedule to mid-September. By and large, around six (6) storms achieve tropical storm power every year.

Severe Thunderstorms

As per the National Weather Service, more than 100,000 rainstorms happen every year, (NOAA) however just around 10 percent of these tempests are named "serious." Although rainstorms by and large influence a little zone, they are extremely hazardous as a result of their capacity to create tornadoes, hailstorms, solid winds, streak flooding, and harming lightning. While electrical storms can happen in all locales of the United States, they are most normal in the focal and southern states in light of the fact that barometrical conditions in those districts are most perfect for creating these effective tempests. Electrical storms are brought about when air masses of differing temperatures meet. Quickly rising warm soggy air serves as the "motor" for electrical storms. These tempests can happen uniquely, in lines, or in groups. They can travel through a zone rapidly or wait for a few hours.

Tornados

A tornado is a fierce windstorm described by a bending, channel formed cloud stretching out to the ground. Tornadoes are regularly created by rainstorm action (however once in a while result from sea tempests and other seaside storms) when cool, dry air converges and supersedes a layer of warm, clammy air driving the warm air to rise quickly. The harm brought on by a tornado is a consequence of the high wind speed and wind-blown garbage. Lightning and vast hail every now and again go with these windstorms. As per the National Weather Service, tornado wind speeds range from 40 to more than 300 miles for every hour. The most fierce tornadoes have pivoting winds of 250 miles for every hour or progressively and are equipped for creating great obliteration. The demolition created by tornadoes ranges from light to unfathomable contingent upon the power, size, and length of the tempest. Ordinarily, tornadoes cause the best harms to structures of light development, for example, private homes (especially fabricated houses).

Wildfire

A wildfire is any flame happening in a wildland region (i.e., prairie, woods, brush land) aside from flame under prescription.1 Wildfires are a piece of the regular administration of the Earth's biological systems, however may likewise be brought on by common or human elements. More than 80 percent of timberland flames are begun by careless human conduct, for example, smoking in lush territories or disgracefully quenching pit fires. The second most normal reason for out of control fire is lightning.

Drought

Drought is a characteristic climatic condition brought about by an amplified time of constrained precipitation past that which happens actually in an expansive geographic zone. High temperatures, high winds, and low dampness can intensify dry spell conditions, and can make regions more helpless to out of control fire. Human requests and activities can likewise rush dry season related effects.

Extreme Heat

While dry spell basically affects land and water assets, amazing warmth can represent a huge danger to people. Great warmth can be characterized as temperatures that drift 10 degrees or more over the normal high temperature for the district, keep going for delayed timeframes, and are frequently joined by high stickiness. Under ordinary conditions, the human body's interior indoor regulator produces sweat that dissipates and cools the body. Nonetheless, in compelling warmth what's more, high moistness, vanishing is impeded and the body must work much harder to keep up a typical temperature. Elderly persons, youthful youngsters, persons with respiratory troubles, and the individuals who are wiped out or overweight will probably get to be casualties of amazing warmth. Since men sweat more than ladies, they are more vulnerable to warm related disease since they turn out to be all the more immediately got dried out. Considers have demonstrated that a huge ascent in warmth related ailment happens when over the top warmth continues for over two days. Spending no less than two (2) hours every day in aerating and cooling can altogether diminish the quantity of warmth related sicknesses.

Hail

Hailstorms are an outgrowth of extreme storms. Right on time in the formative phases of a hailstorm, ice precious stones structure inside a low-weight front because of the fast ascending of warm air into the upper air and the resulting cooling of the air mass. Solidified beads step by step collect on the ice precious stones until, having created adequate weight; they fall as precipitation as balls or unpredictably formed masses of ice more noteworthy than 0.75 in. (1.91 cm) in breadth. The span of hailstones is an immediate capacity of the size and seriousness of the tempest. High speed updraft winds are required to keep hail in suspension in thunderclouds.

Winter Storms and Freezes

A winter tempest can extend from a moderate snow over a time of a couple of hours to snowstorm conditions with blinding wind-driven snow that goes on for a few days. Some winter tempests might be sufficiently extensive to influence a few states, while others may influence just a solitary group. Numerous winter tempests are joined by low temperatures and substantial and/or blowing snow, which can seriously impede perceivability.

Hazards and impacts:

Flood most likely

Hurricanes and Coastal Storms most likely

Severe Thunderstorms least likely

Tornados most likely

Wildfire least likely

Drought least likely

Extreme Heat least likely

Hail most likely

Winter Storms and Freezes most likely