RESEARCH PAPER, SUBJECT SOCIOLOGY

The paper is to consist of 5 sections.

Section one – a brief biography of the individual.

Section two – discuss the social and historical context of the featured theorist and how it influenced his/her work?

Section three – focus on the intellectual context and roots of the individual’s work. In particular, who influenced the development of the individual’s sociological perspective?

Section four – summarize the major works and contributions of the individual to the development of sociological thought, understanding that this should be the largest and most dense area of (section) of the paper?

Section 5 – summarize how this theorist can, has or will influence sociological thought?

Paper must be at least 7 pages, not including the reference page, using at least 5 different scholarly sources?

ASA STYLE

em avoid plagiarism. As with any writing assignment

students should pay attention to grammar, spelling, punctuation, capitalization,

usage, and accuracy. Should the instructor give directions that vary from ASA style,

students should follow those directions.

MANUSCRIPT FORMAT

•

Use a word processor and a good printer.

•

Choose 12-point type and print on 8½ by 11 inch white paper with 1¼-inch

margins on all four sides.

•

All text must be double-spaced including the references.

•

Use the word processor’s

italics

feature for book and periodical titles.

•

Have a separate title page giving the full title of the paper, author, etc.

•

If required, on another separate page provide a short (150 – 200 words)

abstract headed with the title of the paper.

•

Begin the text on a separate page headed with the title of the paper.

•

If section headings are used in the paper, follow this sequence:

THIS IS A FIRST LEVEL HEADING

(All caps, centered or left justified)

This is a Second Level Heading

(Italics, upper and lower case, centered or left justified)

Buffalo State (SUNY)

♦

1300 Elmwood Avenue

♦

Buffalo, NY 14222

♦

(716) 878-6300

Page 2 of 6

•

The beginning of the paper should

NOT

have a heading, i.e.

do not use

INTRODUCTION

•

Use citations in text. The citation includes the last name(s) of the author(s)

and the year of publication. Page numbers should be included to identify the

source of direct quotations. The page numbers follow the year of publication

and are separated from the year by a colon without spaces. The format of the

citation may vary to suit the style of the writer. See examples below.

CITATIONS IN TEXT

•

DIRECT QUOTES – Whenever an author’s exact words are used, document

the source.

o

For shorter quotes:

Quotations in text must begin and end with quotation marks; the citation

follows the end quote mark and precedes the period.

“In 1998, however, the data were reported by more specific job type

which showed that technologically oriented jobs paid better”

(Hildenbrand 1999:47).

Hildenbrand reported that “in 1998, however, the data were reported by

more specific job type which showed that technologically oriented jobs

paid better” (1999:47).

Use p. (lower case p period) for the page number when the author and year

do not accompany it in the citation.

Hildenbrand (1999) stated that “in 1998, however, the data were

reported by more specific job type which showed that technologically

oriented jobs paid better” (p. 47).

o

For longer quotes:

Set longer quotations off in a separate paragraph or block quotation that is

indented from the text, single-spaced, and in a smaller type size. Do not

use quotations marks. The citation follows the period in a block quotation.

If necessity is the mother of Invention

, then perhaps desperation might be

Inspiration’s father. How many useful innovations that seem to others like

bright and shiny new ideas are created as

the result of a last-ditch attempt

to fix a part of the world that had just been noticed to be “out of order?”

Perhaps that is not a very romantic view of change, but it often fits

experience. And if a new idea works, by bringing about needed

improvements, it looks better and

better. (Besemer et al. 1993:69)

Page 3 of 6

If the author’s name is in the text followed by the year in parentheses, put

the page reference, preceded by P. (upper case P period) in parentheses

following the end period of the quote.

According to Besemer et al. (1993):

If necessity is the mother of Invention

, then perhaps desperation might be

Inspiration’s father. How many useful innovations that seem to others like

bright and shiny new ideas are created as

the result of a last-ditch attempt

to fix a part of the world that had just been noticed to be “out of order?”

Perhaps that is not a very romantic view of change, but it often fits

experience. And if a new idea works, by bringing about needed

improvements, it looks better and better. (P. 69)

•

PARAPHRASES – When using an author’s ideas or re-phrasing his or her

words, even though not quoting directly, document the source. Use the same

format as shown above for the citations in text, but omit the page number.

...whenever it occurred as reported in another study by Pain (2004).

...whenever it occurred (Pain 2004).

Additional Examples of Citations in Text

o

Joint (two) authors: give both names:

(Moon and Williams 1993:343)

o

Three authors: give all three names in the first citation and use “et al.”

subsequently:

(Scott, Treas, and Richards 2004) - first citation

(Scott et al. 2004) - subsequent citations

o

Four or more authors (e.g. Kashani, Daniel, Dandoy, and Holcomb): use “et

al.” in all citations including the first one:

(Kashani et al. 1999) - first & subsequent citations

o

For institutional or government authorship, supply minimum identification

from the beginning of the complete reference:

(U. S. Bureau of the Census 1998:482)

o

Separate a series of references with semicolons. List them in a single

logical order throughout the paper, e.g. chronologically or alphabetically:

(Moon and Williams 1993; Kashani 1999; Scott et al 2004) or

(Kashani 1999; Moon and Williams 1993; Scott et al. 2004)

o

Refer to specific chapters, tables, appendices, etc.:

(Clawson 1998, chap.2)

(Neuman 1994, table 3.3)

Page 4 of 6

REFERENCE LIST

•

Begin the reference list on a separate page headed with the word “References”

in upper and lower case (no quotation marks).

•

All references cited in the text must appear in the reference list.

•

All references in the reference list must be cited in the text.

•

Use hanging indentation.

•

Double-space the references.

•

Invert the authors’ names; if there are two or more authors in a citation,

invert only the first author’s name.

•

The reference list should be arranged alphabetically by authors’ last names. If

there is no author, arrange the first significant word in the title in the

alphabetical sequence.

•

Arrange multiple items by the same author in order by year of publication,

earliest year first.

•

Use six hyphens and a period (------.) in place of the name(s) for second and

succeeding occurrences of works by the same author.

•

Distinguish works by the same author in the same year by adding letters, e.g.

(2003a, 2003b, 2003c).

•

Use city and state (U. S. postal abbreviation) for all cities except New York.

For cities outside of the U. S. provide the country.

•

Use

italics

for book and periodical titles; underline if italics are not available.

Examples of References

Examples are single-spaced to conserve space.

o

Books – One Author

Prus, Robert C. 1996.

Symbolic Interaction and Ethnographic

Research: Intersubjectivity and the Study of Human Lived

Experience.

Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

o

Books – Second Book by a Cited Author

(i.e. Prus, the same author as

in the preceding reference; use the name if other authors intervene)

------. 1997.

Subcultural mosaics and intersubjective realities: an

ethnographic research agenda for pragmatizing the social

sciences.

Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

o

Books – Two Authors

Renzetti, Claire M. and Daniel J. Curran. 1998.

Living Sociology.

Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

o

Books – Edited

Turner, Stephen P., ed. 1996.

Social Theory and Sociology: The

Classics and Beyond.

Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.

Page 5 of 6

o

Books – Edition Other Than First

Booth, Barbara, ed. 1999.

Thesaurus of Sociological Indexing Terms.

5

th

ed. Bethesda, MD: Cambridge Scientific Abstracts.

o

Books – No Author

The Chicago Manual of Style

. 2003. 15

th

ed. Chicago, IL: University of

Chicago Press.

o

Books – Chapters

Neuman, W. Lawrence. 1994. “Qualitative Research Design.” Pp.

316-29 in

Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative

Approaches.

2

nd

ed

.

Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

o

Articles from Collected Works

Sampson, Robert J. 1992. “Family Management and Child

Development: Insights from Social Disorganization Theory.” Pp.

63-93 in

Advances in Criminology Theory

, vol. 3,

Facts,

Frameworks, and Forecasts

, edited by J. McCord. New

Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.

o

Articles from Journals – One Author

Mehdizadeh, Shahla A. 2002. “Health and Long-Term Care Use

Trajectories of Older Disabled Women.”

Gerontologist

42:304-13.

Issue number and/or exact date are unnecessary if pages are

numbered consecutively within a volume.

o

Articles from Journals – Two Authors

Schoenberg, Nancy E. and Hege Ravdal. 2000. “Using Vignettes in

Awareness and Attitudinal Research.”

International Journal of

Social Research Methodology

3(1):63-74.

Use the issue number or exact date for journals that do not

number pages consecutively within a volume.

o

Articles from Journals – Multiple Authors

Lanz, Margherita, Raffaella Iafrate, Rosa Rosnati, and Eugenia

Scabini. 1999. “Parent-Child Communication and Adolescent

Self-Esteem in Separated, Intercountry Adoptive and Intact Non-

Adoptive Families.”

Journal of Adolescence

22:785-94.

o

Articles from Magazines and Newspapers

Gibbs, Nancy. 1999. “Noon in the Garden of Good and Evil: The

Tragedy at Columbine Began As a Crime Story But Is Becoming a

Parable.”

Time,

May 17, 153:54.

Page 6 of 6

Snyder, Donna. 1999. “Judge Orders Teen’s Hearing in Murder Case

to Be Closed.”

The Buffalo News,

May18, 1B.

o

Articles from Commercial Electronic Databases

Graham, Lorie M. 1998. “The Past Never Vanishes: A Contextual

Critique of the Existing Indian Family Doctrine”

American Indian

Law Review,

23:1 (32,854 words). Retrieved April 26, 2005

(http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe).

Alaggia, Ramona. 2002. “Balancing Acts: Reconceptualizing Support

in Maternal Response to Intra-Familial Child Sexual Abuse.”

Clinical Social Work Journal.

30:41 (16 pages). Retrieved April 26,

2005 (http://web5.infotrac.galegroup.com/).

o

Articles from Electronic Journals

Jones, Bobby L., Daniel S. Nagin, and Kathryn Roeder. 2001. “A SAS

Procedure Based on Mixture Models for Estimating

Developmental Trajectories.”

Sociological Methods and Research,

29:374-93. Retrieved April 26, 2005

(http://ejournals.ebsco.com/direct.asp?ArticleID=69FFFKJUPV2

4AHCUR77Q).

o

Electronic Books

Torres, Carlos Alberto and Theodore R. Mitchell, eds. 1998.

Sociology

of Education: Emerging Perspectives.

Albany, NY: State University

of New York Press. Retrieved April 26, 2005

(http://www.netlibrary.com/).

o

Information Posted on Web Pages, etc.

“Social Science Information Gateway: Sociology.” 2005. University of

Surrey Retrieved April 27, 2005

(http://sosig.esrc.bris.ac.uk/sociology/).

“Statistical Resources on the Web: Sociology.” 2002. University of

Michigan Documents Center. Retrieved April 26, 2005

(http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/stsoc.html).

For additional information on citing electronic resources consult:

The Chicago Manual of Style

. 2003. 15

th

ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago

Press.

Ref Z 253 .U69 2003