Asian Thought and Culture
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medieval-modern-korea.pptxKorea
Medieval to Modern
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Silla Unified Kingdom
Later Silla 668-935 c.e.
King Munmu of SIlla
Conquered Baekje 660 and Goguryeo 668
Aided by Tang forces from China
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Ties to China
Close ties with Tang Dynasty China
Korean Buddhist monks sent to China for training – others to India
Pure Land and Zen Buddhism brought back to Korea
Confucian College established in 7th century
Woodblock printing from 751 c.e.
China had oldest in the world
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Goryeo Dynasty 918-1392 c.e.
Founded by General Taejo Wang Geon (King Taejo)
Goal to restore territory of ne China lost earlier
Name Goryeo is - English Korea
Buddhism strong
Buddhist canon (Tripitaka) compiled in Korea
Blue-green celadon trade high
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Printing
Worlds first movable type invented in China in 1040 and spread to Korea
Worlds first movable metal printing 1234 c.e.
First book Jikji in 1377
“Anthology of Great Buddhist Priests' Zen Teachings”
Collection of excerpts from the analects of Buddhist monks - guide for Buddhism - Korea's national religion under the Goryeo Dynasty (918–1392).
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Jikji
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Mongolian Invasion
993 Mongolian Liao Dynasty invaded
The Goryeo commander, Seo Hui, negotiated with them
Goryeo agreed to end its alliance with the Southern Song, to adopt Liao's calendar, and to become a tributary state to Liao
Continued on and off until 13th century
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Korea and Mongols
Joint Mongol-Korean attack on Liao
Mongols then turned on Korea and attacked
1270 vassal state of the Yuan Dynasty – supported by marriages between Mongols and Koreans
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Sojo Production
Distilled drink: Ethanol and water
Rice, wheat or barley
When receiving a glass,
hold the glass with two hands and bow
the head slightly.
When it is your turn to drink,
turn away and cover your mouth and glass with hands.
If you are pouring a glass for others,
hold the bottle with your right hand, support your right
arm with your left hand by touching its elbow.
Never pour your own, do not refill your glass until it is empty.
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Choson aka Joseon
1392 General Yi Seonggye overthrows Goryeo; King Taejo
Supporters of the Ming Dynasty in China
Adopted Confucianism to limit power of Buddhists
Civil Service Exams for government service
Allowed for limited social upward mobility
Great intellectual output
Disdain for commerce & manufacturing, value on academics
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King Sejong the Great
1418-1450 c.e.
Korean alphabet Hangeul created by royal academy
Agriculture, irrigation,
Investment in astronomy
Sundials, astronomical maps, water clocks, and celestial globes
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King Sejo (1455-1468)
Census, mapped the country, restructured the government to rid it of old artistocracy, id tags required for all
Supported Daoism and Buddhism
National Code
Legal system compiled under reign of King Sejo (1455-1468)
Medicine:
King Sejong had suffered from illnesses as did he, so he had also learned a lot about the medical field
In 1463, he published Treatise on Medicine, which described a ranking of qualifications for physicians and placed a priority on the physicians' degree of moral commitment.
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Yeonsangun 1494-1506
Purges and executions – after he found out his mother had been forced to drink poison and he had been raised thinking another women was his mother
He captured 1000 women to entertain him
Abolished the Office of Censors – designed to criticize inappropriate actions and policies of the king
Banned the use of Hangul when the common people wrote critically about him
He was finally deposed in a coup and his half-brother Jungjong became Emperor 1506.
Period of civil war, pirate problems
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Japanese Invasion
1592 Japan invaded led by Toyotomi Hideyoshi armed with Portuguese guns and canons
Plan was to use Korea as a means to reach Ming China
Korean Admiral Yi Sun-Shin (1545-1598) perhaps invented the first ironclad battleship in Asia
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Manchurian Invasions of the 1620s
Despite defeating the Japanese, Korea left weakened
Manchurian Kingdom and Ming China both demanded loyalty
Manchurian Qing attacked and forced Korea to accept control and marriages
Finally, peace
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Silhak (Practical Learning)
By 17th century, investment in industry & agriculture
Reforms in land distribution
Tax reforms
Government factionalism as conservatives resisted reforms
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Western Influence 19th century
Korea opposed to Western trade and diplomacy
Japan expressed renewed interested in Korea
Annexed Korea and instituted colonial rule in 1910
Attempts to ban Korean language and Korean nationalism leads to anti-colonial demonstrations
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Independence Movement
March 1st 1910 Independence Movement launched but failed
Korea established a Provisional Government in Shanghai China and organized armed resistance to Japanese from China
Korea occupied thru WWII by Japan
Comfort Women
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Republic of Korea
Colonized during WWII
Cold War ideologies lead to tensions in Asia
U.S. occupies s. Korea and Soviets occupy the North
1947 call by U.N for free general elections
Soviets resist only south of 38th parallel were elections held
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Korean Conflict
Dividing line between South and North at 38th still exists
North Korea became a communist regime under Kim Il-Sung
President of the Southern Republic of Korea Syngman Rhee
1950 N. Korea invades the South leading to a three year war that included China, Russia, the U.S.
Ceasefire in 1953
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Modern S. Korea
In the 1950s, Korea ranked among the poorest countries.
Now, its economy is the 13th largest in the world
2002 co-hosted World Cup games
Active player on the global economic stage following the hosting of the G20 Summit in 2010.
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Modern South Korea
Heavy Chinese influence, but growing Western influence
Western foods like pizza and coffee are popular
Konglish is a mix of English and Hangul
K-pop popularity
Increasingly technologically advanced
Religions: no affiliation 46%, Christian 26%, Buddhist 26%, Confucian 1%, other 1%
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North Korea
Today: Kim Jong-un rules a nuclear-armed state with an enormous army.
Military used perpetuate a cult of personality surrounding the hereditary ruler
Freedom of religion and the right to religious ceremonies are constitutionally guaranteed,
But religions are restricted
Religious Intelligence: 64.3% of the population are not religious, 16% practice Korean shamanism, 13.5% practice Confucianism, 4.5% Buddhist and 1.7% Christian
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