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Intraocular lens: A Historical Innovation in Medical Technology Outline

Xihang Han

HIS-285

Professor Ackert

Overview/Introduction

As a biomedical engineering student, I’ve always been intrigued by the phenomenal medical technologies that exist today. In this fast developing world that is being made progress in every field of life, so how can the medical field be left behind in this race of development? Some innovations have been made in this fielding ranging from the stethoscope to eye glasses to the brain imaging at work. They present an extensive list of inventions in the medical technology, and still more innovations are in the progress. Through this paper, I will cover one of the critical innovations in the medical technological field i.e. the introduction of the intraocular lens in the treatment of cataract. This proposal will describe approximately all the innovations that have been made in the category of intraocular lenses that still in the progress and also that are going to innovate in the future. These changes have totally changed the medicine field.

Outline

Part 01: Historical Journey of Intraocular lens in field of Medical Technologies

First introduced in 1950 to treat cataract by placing this lens permanently by the British ophthalmologist Dr. Harold Ridley.

First implantation of intraocular lenses in Cataract surgery

Before the World War II, the standard surgical cure of Cataract was only the removal of the lens.

By the end of the 20th century, Intraocular lenses have become the modern standardize complement to the cataract surgery.

Introduction of “phacoemulsification”

Part 02: Importance of Intraocular lens in Medical Sciences

The intra-ocular lens is a solution to a major pressing medical problem that has affected approximately the half of the population of the OECD countries.

Sometimes to achieve best visual results different types of premium intraocular lenses are used for the each eye.

Couching Cataract treatment includes the placing aside the clouded lens out of a line of the sight.

According to Intra-ocular lens pathologists, lens implantation is the safest procedure in today’s modern surgery.

Part 03: Structure of Intra-Ocular Lens and How Does It Work

Multifocal IOL is used to provide the facility of multiple focused visions at reading and far distance. Adaptive intra-ocular lenses provide the limited visual accommodation to the patients.

Insertion of the intra-ocular lenses in the treatment of cataract had become the most common surgical eye procedure. Almost 6 million lenses are implanted by the surgeons annually.

The usage flexible intraocular lens enables the lens to roll for insertion by small incision with the avoidance of stitches in the time of 30 minutes only if performed by an experienced surgeon.

The intra-ocular lenses are being in use to treat errors of near, farsightedness and astigmatic eyes since 1999.

Part 04: Uses and Implementation of intra-ocular lens Technology

The most important and productive of use of intra-ocular lens Technology is the “phacoemulsification technique” which is for cataract extraction.

It was originated by the Charles Kelm

The new method comes up with the new set of problems that provide the stimulus to the introduction of foldable lenses.

The most common type of intraocular lenses to be in use is Pseudophakic intraocular lens implanted during the procedure of cataract surgery

Part 05: Advantages/Disadvantages of intra-ocular lens Technology

Advantages associated with intra-ocular lens Technology are:

The first benefit is that they used as an alternative to “LASIK” which is a surgical treatment that doesn’t work in case of people that have serious problems with vision.

Secondly, they also benefit the patient to get rid of contact lenses that are used in post-operative measures.

Last the most important benefit is that there is no chance of reoccurrence as the lens has been removed

Disadvantages associated with intra-ocular lens Technology are:

Loss of approximately 1.8% per year has been seen.

Retinal detachment with the percentage of 0.6% of cataract.

The risk of corneal swelling is 0.4%

Conclusion

I will summarize the main points from Parts 1-5 and end with a statement that ties the importance of intra-ocular lens Technology into history.

References

Primary Resource:

Apple, D. J., & Trivedi, R. H. (2002). Sir Nicholas Harold Ridley, Kt, MD, FRCS, FRS: contributions in addition to the intraocular lens. Archives of Ophthalmology, 120(9), 1198-1202.

Secondary Resource:

Brian, G., & Taylor, H. (2001). Cataract blindness: challenges for the 21st century. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 79(3), 249-256.

Metcalfe, J. S., James, A., & Mina, A. (2005). Emergent innovation systems and the delivery of clinical services: The case of intra-ocular lenses. Research Policy, 34(9), 1283-1304.

Meyer, A. D., & Goes, J. B. (2011). Organizational assimilation of innovations: A multilevel contextual analysis. Academy of management journal, 31(4), 897-923.

Ramlogan, R., Mina, A., Tampubolon, G., & Metcalfe, J. S. (2007). Networks of knowledge: The distributed nature of medical innovation. Scientometrics, 70(2), 459-489.