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evolution_activity_answer_form.docxMicroevolution in the Eastern Gray Squirrel
Scenario #1 – Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium:
1. What is the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium used for?
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium typically used to calculate the allele and genotype frequencies of the data. It is assumed that in a particular population, not including the mutation, migration, natural selection and sexual selection. Even without a perfect demographic analysis to meet these conditions, for us it is still a model for analysis of population data.
2. What are the conditions that must be met in order to fit the requirements for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
His concept must be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium genetic drift, no mutation, no migration, no natural selection and sexual selection, and a large population.
|
Generation |
Number of BB Squirrels |
Number of Bb Squirrels |
Number of bb Squirrels |
Genotype Freq. of BB |
Genotype Freq. of Bb |
Genotype Freq. of bb |
Number of B Alleles |
Number of b Alleles |
Allele Freq. of B |
Allele Freq. of b |
|
1st |
6 |
13 |
6 |
.24 (6/25) |
.52 (13/25) |
.24 (6 /25) |
25 |
25 |
.50 (25/50) |
.50 (25/50) |
|
2rd |
7 |
11 |
7 |
0.28 |
0.44 |
0.28 |
25 |
25 |
0.50 |
0.50 |
|
3st |
8 |
9 |
8 |
0.32 |
0.36 |
032 |
25 |
25 |
0.50 |
0.50 |
Paste Scenario #1 Genotype Frequency Graph Here
Paste Scenario #1 Allele Frequency Graph Here
Scenario #2 – Natural Selection:
1. Your friend who is taking biology at PCC says over lunch that natural selection and evolution are the same thing. Would you agree? How might you explain the two concepts?
Yes, they are the same. Evolution is a theory created by Darwin that species are changing space; all the different species share a common ancestor population; evolution is very slow and gradual change. However, they changes in natural selection includes four content, inheritance, different survival and reproduction and a high population growth rate. However, evolution is based on the reproductive success of individuals of different species. The genetic traits to the next generation are through the evolutionary process. Species, natural selection is conducive to better adapt to the environment. As we all know, "survival of the fittest" is the driving force of evolution by natural selection. According to Darwin's theory of evolution, in the course of evolution, only the fittest survive biological, and a growing number of genetic characteristics to the next generation, which is not a comfortable environment, are often the first to be eliminated.
2. What is one REAL example of natural selection?
A species of rats live in a particular type of tree branches, etc. pitch. Mice can not be reached from the branches and the rat will break the branches and fall. Soon, all the mice exact size of branches.
|
|
Number of BB Squirrels |
Number of Bb Squirrels |
Number of bb Squirrels |
Genotype Freq. of BB |
Genotype Freq. of Bb |
Genotype Freq. of bb |
Number of B Alleles |
Number of b Alleles |
Allele Freq. of B |
Allele Freq. of b |
|
1st |
7 |
11 |
7 |
0.28 |
0.44 |
0.28 |
25 |
25 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
|
2nd |
6 |
16 |
12 |
0.18 |
0.47 |
0.35 |
28 |
40 |
0.41 |
0.59 |
|
3rd |
4 |
19 |
22 |
0.09 |
0.41 |
0.48 |
27 |
63 |
0.3 |
0.7 |
|
4th |
3 |
22 |
43 |
0.04 |
0.32 |
0.63 |
28 |
108 |
0.21 |
0.79 |
Paste Scenario #2 Genotype Frequency Graph Here
Paste Scenario #2 Allele Frequency Graph Here
Scenario #3 – Genetic Drift:
1. Your friend who is taking biology at PCC likes to talk a lot and says that genetic drift, the bottleneck effect, and the founder effect are the EXACT same things. Would you agree? How might you explain the two concepts?
Yes, they are the same. Bottleneck effect is a majority of the population or species evolutionary events killed or prevent reproduction. Thus, the population reduced by 50% or more. Small groups of the main population bottlenecks will occur respectively represent the known as the founder effect. Founder effect is, therefore, some of the loss of genetic variation, when a new colony is by a very small group of from populous country show the bottleneck effect type.
2. Why is genetic drift often found in populations living on islands?
Genetic drift is a randomly selected population. It is usually for a living organism by genetic variation of population migration.
|
Generation |
Number of BB Squirrels |
Number of Bb Squirrels |
Number of bb Squirrels |
Genotype Freq. of BB |
Genotype Freq. of Bb |
Genotype Freq. of bb |
Number of B Alleles |
Number of b Alleles |
Allele Freq. of B |
Allele Freq. of b |
|
1st |
7 |
11 |
7 |
0.28 |
0.44 |
0.28 |
25 |
25 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
|
2nd |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0 |
3 |
1 |
0.75 |
0.25 |
|
3rd |
2 |
2 |
0 |
2/4 |
2/4 |
0 |
5 |
1 |
5/8 |
0.17 |
|
4th |
5 |
2 |
1 |
0.636 |
0.25 |
0.13 |
12 |
4 |
0.75 |
0.25 |
|
5th |
9 |
6 |
1 |
0.56 |
0.38 |
0.06 |
24 |
8 |
0.75 |
0.25 |
Paste Scenario #3 Genotype Frequency Graph Here
Paste Scenario #3 Allele Frequency Graph Here
Post-activity Question:
Looking at your graphs, in which scenarios are the allele frequencies changing over time? Does this indicate evolution occurring? Why or why not?
The scenarios two changes over time. Yes, because some genes in offspring. As we all know that "the survival of the fittest", is the impulsion of evolution through natural selection. Therefore, better species will exist in the future.
