History of Modern Africa from 19th Century to Present
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jihadsofthewesternsudan2c1800-1870.pptxJihads of the Western Sudan, 1800-1870
Traditional African Religion and Islam, 7th century & beyond, how & why
contextualize
Orthodox Muslim, Pillars of Islam, way of life
Rejection of traditional leaders by Muslims, high taxes imposed by local leaders
Fulani Muslims– rose quickly
Usman dan Fodio--- led jihad in Hausa land,
Received support from many of the Fulani groups, united but Hausa remained divided
1810- Hausa land had fallen under control of Fulani, who formed an empire (Caliphate) under Caliph with it capital at Sokoto
Reasons for Fulani victory: Hausa states were disunited; fought against each other; people resented Hausa aristocracy, and saw Fulani as liberators
Other Muslim rulers: Ahmadu Lobbo----his area was around the great bend of River Niger, conquered Macina, Sebera, Jenne, and Timbucktu
Al-Hajj Umar: conquered Bambara states including Segu and Kaarta
Effects of jihads: conquest of huge land for Muslims; spread of Muslim faith– many more conversions; led to the collapse of old aristocracy; encouraged intellectual activity
Caused much dislocation, suffering, confusion. Islam provided philosophical and religious justification for raids against non-Muslims
Collapse of Oyo Empire, several states, Yoruba empire, etc. Spread of jihads to Ilorin was immediate cause of collapse of Oyo Empire. Collapse led to wars, etc.
Collapse of Oyo Empire had consequences: population shift, slave trade extended to Yoruba land where its people were now captured and sent into slavery; Islamic expansion into Yoruba land; wars led to breakup of empire, weakened central authority especially in the face of arriving European nations
Asante, Fante, and the British: Britain fought several wars with the Asante in the 19th century; supported rival Fante. Asante was landlocked and needed access to the ocean, hence wanted Fante
Within a hundred years Britain and Asante fought wars in 1807, 1811, 1814-16, 1823-4, 1826, 1873-4, 1896, and 1901. In all it was only three occasions that Britain invaded the Asante: 1873-4, 1896, and 1901.
Asante-British wars occurred because Britain will not let Asante conquer Fante
