Nursing : Complementary Alternative & therapies, Forum 2
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who_traditional_medicine_presentation.pptTechnical Briefing Seminar, WHO Headquarters, September 2004 *
WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy
Dr Samvel Azatyan
Traditional Medicine (TRM)
Department of Essential Drugs and Medicines Policy (EDM)
World Health Organization
Geneva
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Technical Briefing Seminar, WHO Headquarters, September 2004 *
What is traditional medicine?
WHO defines traditional medicine as including diverse health practices, approaches, knowledge and beliefs incorporating plant, animal, and/or mineral based medicines, spiritual therapies, manual techniques and exercises which can be used to maintain well-being, as well as to treat, diagnose or prevent illness.
Technical Briefing Seminar, WHO Headquarters, September 2004 *
Traditional and Complementary/
Alternative Medicine
Categories of TM/CAM
Main Popular System of TM/CAM
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Indian Ayurveda Medicine
- Arabic Unani Medicine
- Homeopathy
- Chiropractic
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Technical Briefing Seminar, WHO Headquarters, September 2004 *
Categories of TM/CAM
Medication
Medicinal plants
Mineral materials
Animal materials
Non-medication
Acupuncture
Chiropractic
Osteopathy
Manual therapies
Qigong, Taiji, Yoga
Physical, mental and spiritual therapies
Traditional and Complementary/
Alternative Medicine
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Technical Briefing Seminar, WHO Headquarters, September 2004 *
Populations using TM/CAM worldwide
Germany
Populations in developing countries using traditional medicine for primary health care
Ethiopia
Benin
India
Rwanda
Tanzania
Uganda
Populations in developed countries who have used complementary and alternative medicine at least once
Canada
Australia
France
USA
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Technical Briefing Seminar, WHO Headquarters, September 2004 *
Marketing of Herbal Products
(Thousand million US$)
Annual sales of OTC herbal medicines in USA
Herbal medicines are rapidly increasing in economic importance
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Technical Briefing Seminar, WHO Headquarters, September 2004 *
Marketing of Herbal Products in Canada (Million US$)
Taken from: Waiting for the Sheriff: From growth to uncertainty in the NHP market, NDMAC Issue Seminar, 2000, Canada
Technical Briefing Seminar, WHO Headquarters, September 2004 *
Marketing of Herbal Products in Great Britain (Million US$)
Source: House of Lords, 2000
Technical Briefing Seminar, WHO Headquarters, September 2004 *
Why traditional medicine?
RATIO OF PRACTITIONERS TO POPULATION
Traditional Medical
practitioner doctor
Swaziland 1:100 1:10,000
Ghana 1:200 1:20,000
Uganda 1:700 1:25,000
Mozambique 1:200 1:50,000
Accessible and affordable in developing countries
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Technical Briefing Seminar, WHO Headquarters, September 2004 *
Why traditional medicine?
An alternative approach to health care in developed countries
concern about the adverse effects of "chemical drugs",
questioning of the approaches and assumptions of allopathic medicine, and
greater public access to health information.
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Technical Briefing Seminar, WHO Headquarters, September 2004 *
General considerations
- Despite its existence and use over centuries, traditional medicine has not been officially recognized in most countries.
- The safety and efficacy data on traditional medicine are far from sufficient.
- Lack of research data are mostly due to a lack of adequate or accepted research methodology for evaluating traditional medicine.
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Technical Briefing Seminar, WHO Headquarters, September 2004 *
Uncritical enthusiasm versus
uninformed scepticism
- strong reservations and often frank disbelief about the benefits of TM.
- demand has grown for evidence on the safety, efficacy and quality of TM products and practices.
Increased use of TM/CAM has not been accompanied by an increase in the quantity, quality and accessibility of clinical evidence to support claims of TM/CAM.
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Technical Briefing Seminar, WHO Headquarters, September 2004 *
Many challenges need to be met for potential of traditional medicine to be fully realized
Policy and regulation
Government policy and national regulations vary
Only 45 of 191 WHO Member States have a national policy for TM/CAM
Only 54 of 191 WHO Member States regulate herbal medicines
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Technical Briefing Seminar, WHO Headquarters, September 2004 *
WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2002-2005
Policy: integrate TM/CAM with national health care systems
Safety, efficacy and quality: provide guidance and support for effective regulation
Access: ensure availability and affordability of TM/CAM
Rational use: promote therapeutically-sound use of TM/CAM by providers and consumers
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Technical Briefing Seminar, WHO Headquarters, September 2004 *
WHO Executive Board Resolution, May 2003
Technical Briefing Seminar, WHO Headquarters, September 2004 *
What WHO has done?
Technical Briefing Seminar, WHO Headquarters, September 2004 *
Policy
National Capacity Building
- Series of workshops
- On regulation of herbal medicines
AFRO 2 AMRO 2
EMRO 2 SEARO 1
EURO 1 WPRO 1
- Support of the countries developing national policies on promoting proper use of TM/CAM
Technical Briefing Seminar, WHO Headquarters, September 2004 *
Safety, Efficacy and Quality
Good Agricultural and Collection Practices for medicinal plants
Updating Quality Control Methods for Raw Materials of Medicinal Plants
Updating GMP guidelines for herbal medicines
Contaminants and residues
Quality control
Safety
Developing Guidelines for Safety Monitoring and pharmacovigilance of Herbal Medicines
Technical Briefing Seminar, WHO Headquarters, September 2004 *
Access
A growing herbal market and its great commercial benefit - need to ensure sustainable use of medicinal plant resources
Difficulties relating to the protection of knowledge on traditional medicine
Technical Briefing Seminar, WHO Headquarters, September 2004 *
Rational Use
WHO developing training guidelines
Training guidelines for chiropractic
Training guidelines for manual therapies
Osteopathy
Chinese tui-na
Shiatsu
Judo-therapy
Training Guidelines for Phytotherapy
WHO Consumer Guidelines
Technical Briefing Seminar, WHO Headquarters, September 2004 *
Conclusion
It is long way to go...
but…
Traditional Medicine will contribute to human health care in the 21st century;
There are many challenges to the safety and effective use of traditional medicine;
The WHO Strategy will meet the gaps and challenges;
Thank you !
Traditional Medicine (TRM)
Department of Essential Drugs and Medicines Policy (EDM)
World Health Organization
Geneva
http://www.who.int/medicines
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