Human Communication Essay
phantom-prince
chapter_7.pptxChapter 7: Developing and Maintaining Relationships
Dane Cook – Friend No One Likes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEO_28VrJLQ
URT – Hitch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mph7hK_q2H4
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Chapter Outcomes
Explain key aspects of interpersonal relationships
Describe why we form relationships
List ways to manage relationship dynamics
Starting Activity
1) What are the characteristics, traits, or qualities that we look for in a friend?
2) What are the rewards we look for?
3) What “costs” are too high? In other words, “too much drama” might compromise the relationship
4a) Think of a friend. Any friend.
4b) How do they fit into numbers one to three?
Managing Relationship Dynamics
Social Exchange Theory (Costs and Rewards)
Balances certain advantages and disadvantages within relationships
Rewards
Extrinsic (external advantages) Ex., social status or professional connections
Instrumental (shared resources) Ex., living together to save money
Intrinsic (personal satisfaction) Ex., task making yourself feel better
Costs
Anything that causes stress or annoyances
Outcomes = Rewards - Costs
Interpersonal Relationships
The interconnections and interdependence between communicators
Interpersonal Communication
Exchange of verbal and nonverbal messages between two people who build relationships, share meanings, and accomplish social goals
Types of Interpersonal Relationships
Relational Network
A “web” of relationships that connect individuals to one another
Types of Interpersonal Relationships (cont.)
Family
Small social group bound by ties of blood, civil contract, and a commitment to care for and be responsible for each other
Most basic relationships in our lives
Family relationships develop communication skills and characteristics affecting future interactions
Types of Interpersonal Relationships (cont.)
Friendship
Close and caring relationships between two people
Perceived as mutually satisfying and beneficial
Offers support and companionship
Characteristics include?
Types of Interpersonal Relationships (cont.)
Social Relationships
Relationships that are functional within a specific context
Typically less intimate than friendship
Can become awkward when one partner assumes too much intimacy
Types of Interpersonal Relationships (cont.)
Romantic Relationships
Include love (deep affection for and attachment to another person)
Involves intimacy (closeness and understanding of a relational partner)
Different love styles (categories):
Eros (erotic and sexual love) Ludus (playful, casual love)
Storge (love that lacks passion) Pragma (committed, practical love)
Mania (intense, romantic love) Agape (selfless, romantic love)
Types of Interpersonal Relationships (cont.)
Online Relationships
Social Information Processing (SIP) Theory: argues that virtual relationships can develop as closely as face-to-face relationships
Hyperpersonal Communication: online communication can be more intimate than face-to-face interactions
Includes: friendships, business relationships, etc.
Romantic Relationships included with new CTs
Why We Form Relationships
Proximity (nearness): physical or virtual
Attractive Qualities: interpersonal attraction, focus on physical qualities, too
Similarities: commonalities lead to attraction
Personal and Social Needs:
Companionship (inclusion)
Stimulation
Meeting Goals
Managing Relationship Dynamics (cont.)
Uncertainty Reduction Theory (Initial Interaction Theory)
When people meet, focus is on decreasing uncertainty about each other
Obtaining information about one’s relationship contexts (e.g., partner)
Strategies of Reducing Uncertainty
Passive: observing and analyzing interactions with others
Active: checking in with a third party
Interactive: asking the person for information
Chapter 7: Developing and Maintaining Relationships (Day Two)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cYdsWtku9gg
Shrek SPT -- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bMcXVe8zIs
The Breakup -- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nn3I6-DBLJM
The Notebook -- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1I0hAxGFXw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8iCwtxJejik
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Chapter Outcomes
Describe the factors that influence self-disclosure
Outline the predictable stages of most relationships
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Managing Relationship Dynamics (cont.)
Relational Dialectics Theory (RDT)
Dialectical Tensions: contradictory feelings that tug at every relationship
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Self-Disclosure and Relationships
Social Penetration Theory (SPT)
How relationships move from superficial to levels of intimacy
Progression: People move from revealing obvious information to more private
Costs and benefits of the relationship based on the layer
Self-Disclosure and Relationships (cont.)
Communication Privacy Management Theory (CPM)
We own and control private information
Privacy management is susceptible to dialectical tensions
Boundary Turbulence: threat to privacy; people readjust need for privacy and need for self-disclosure
Self-Disclosure and Relationships (cont.)
Strategic Topic Avoidance
Maneuvering conversation away from undesirable topics (embarrassing, vulnerable, or relational decline)
Benefits and detriment to strategic topic avoidance
Stages of a Relationship
Knapp’s Staircase Model
Stages of a Relationship
Current Model
Stages of a Relationship (cont.)
1) Initiating Stage
Make contact with another person
Many relationships do not move beyond this stage
2) Exploratory Stage
Small talk to obtain superficial information
Uncertainty Reduction
3) Intensification Stage
Personal self-disclosure
Share affection verbally
Pet names
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2
3
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Stages of a Relationship (cont.)
4) Stable Stage
Integrating: becoming one (e.g., living together)
Bonding: sharing public messages about the relationship (e.g., Facebook official, getting married)
Stages of a Relationship (cont.)
5) Declining Stage
Uncertainty Events
Interferences: obstacles in the relationship
Unmet Expectations
6) Relationship Repair (comparison level vs alternatives)
Repair Tactics: improving communication, focusing on positive aspects, enlisting the support of others, reinterpreting behaviors, reevaluating the alternatives to the relationship
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WHAT DO YOU WANT?!
Stages of a Relationship (cont.)
6) Termination Stage
Passing Away (gradually fading)
Sudden Death (unexpected termination)
Stages of a Relationship (cont.)
7) Reconciliation
Spontaneous Development: partners end up spending more time together
Third-Party Mediation: relationship counseling
High Affect: partners resolve to be polite
Tacit Persistence: refusing to give up on a relationship
Mutual Interaction: begin to talk more
Avoidance: when they begin to miss each other
