Computer systems assignment

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Faculty of Science & Technology

Computer Systems Department: Computing and Technology Module Code: MOD002580 Level: 4 Academic Year: 2015/16 Semester: 2

Table of Contents 1. Key Information ....................................................................................................... 2 2. Introduction to the Module ....................................................................................... 2 3. Learning Outcomes and Outline Delivery ................................................................ 4 4. Assessment ............................................................................................................. 6 5. Learning Resources ................................................................................................ 8 6. How is My Work Marked? ........................................................................................ 9 7. Assessment Criteria and Marking Standards ........................................................ 11 8. Attendance ............................................................................................................ 13 9. Assessment Offences ............................................................................................ 13 10. Module Evaluation ............................................................................................... 16 11. Report on Last Delivery of Module ...................................................................... 16

1. Key Information Module Title: Computer Systems Module Leader: Dr Jeannette Chin

Campus / Building / Room: Cambridge, Compass House, Com307 Extension: 2144 Email: [email protected]

Module Tutor(s): Andrew Moore Campus / Building / Room:

Extension: Email: [email protected] Every module has a Module Definition Form (MDF) which is the officially validated record of the module. You can access the MDF for this module in three ways via:

• the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) • the My.Anglia Module Catalogue at www.anglia.ac.uk/modulecatalogue • Anglia Ruskin’s module search engine facility at www.anglia.ac.uk/modules

All modules delivered by Anglia Ruskin University at its main campuses in the UK and at Associate Colleges throughout the UK and overseas are governed by the Academic Regulations. You can view these at www.anglia.ac.uk/academicregs. An extract of the Academic Regulations, known as the Assessment Regulations, is available at this website too (all new students will have received a printed copy as part of their welcome pack). In the unlikely event of any discrepancy between the Academic Regulations and any other publication, including this module guide, the Academic Regulations, as the definitive document, take precedence over all other publications and will be applied in all cases.

2. Introduction to the Module This module introduces students to the components present in modern computer systems and networks. On completing this module, students will be able to specify, construct and maintain networked computer systems, and gain an in depth understanding of common computer and network architectures, their function and confidently solve their problems. Theoretical topics include CPU architectures; bus systems; types of memory and data; program execution; number systems; peripheral and network architectures, models and protocols; the importance of standards; network devices and cabling. The module will be delivered in weekly lectures, which should be consolidated through significant self- study. Laboratory sessions will enable students to gain the practical skills needed to construct, maintain and solve problems on networked computer systems. Underpinning the theory students will learn (among other practical skills) how to safely assemble PCs (taking account of health and safety issues); construct (and test) network cables; examine low-level Internet traffic and set up and configure local area networks. Student progress is assessed via a submitted laboratory log book, one in-class test, and a written coursework assignment.

3. Learning Outcomes and Outline Delivery All Anglia Ruskin modules are taught on the basis of intended learning outcomes and that, on successful completion of the module, students will be expected to demonstrate they have meet these outcomes. The specific learning outcomes for this module are: Knowledge and understanding:

o Assess the components of modern computer systems and compare the functionality and features of their operating systems and services.

o Discuss the role and function of common network devices, protocols and applications. Intellectual, practical, affective and transferable skills:

o Install, configure and troubleshoot basic PC configurations and their operating systems. o Install, configure and troubleshoot simple network infrastructure solutions. o Apply knowledge of networks to configure and test simple network scenarios.

3.1 Learning and Teaching Strategies Theory will be taught and discussed during the weekly lectures. The weekly exercises will be based on the specific topic covered during the lecture in the week and the knowledge and understanding will be assessed via the in-class tests and the assignment. 3.2 Lecture / Tutorial & Laboratory Plan The following is the proposed schedule of work. The schedule maybe subject to variation during the delivery. The practical sessions focus on work needed to complete the assignment. Wk Lecture Seminar/Workshop Student-managed learning 1

Introduction to the Module Basic Computer Systems Concepts and Architecture

Introduction to Heath and Safety Lab- PC Hardware Study and Disassembly

The Architecture of Computer Hardware, Systems Software, and Networking (ACHSSN) chapter 1, 2, 6, 11

CPU, von Neumann architecture, Fetch- execute cycle, memory, Input and Output

Lab- PC Hardware Study (continued - Assembly and Testing)

ACHSSN chapter 7-10

Computer Number System and Logic, data formats, File system, data Manipulation, data communication errors, data storage

Number systems, logic gate, data errors correction worksheets

ACHSSN chapter 3-5

Explore the Network and data communications

Lab- Mapping the Internet Lab- Identifying Network Device and cabling

ACHSSN chapter 12 - 14 CCNA chapter 1

Network Protocols and Communications, OSI

Lab- building Ethernet crossover cable

CCNA chapter 3

Network Access and Ethernet

In class test 1 CCNA chapter 4 and 5

Network Layer Researching Networking standards Lab- Using Wireshark to view network traffics

CCNA chapter 6

Lab - Using Wireshark to examine Ethernet Frames

IP addressing and subsetting IP networks

Lab - Converting IPv4 Addresses to Binary Lab - Identifying IPv4 and IPv6 Addresses

CCNA chapter 7 and 8

Transport Layer Lab - Calculating IPv4 Subnets Lab - Designing and Implementing a Subnetted IPv4 Addressing Scheme

CCNA chapter 9

Application layer Lab - Observing DNS Resolution Lab – Building a small network using Packet Tracer

CCNA chapter 10

Putting everything together In class test 2

Revision/Assignment catch up

Local arrangement

4. Assessment Assessment Information Form(s):

DESCRIPTIVE TITLE

Practical logbook exercises Assessment Element

010

ASSESSMENT DETAILS

Six of the practical logbook exercises will be bound together and assessed to form a logbook of your practical work.

Learning Outcomes 3 - 4 Weighting 20% Marking Approach Fine Grade

WHAT IS BEING SUBMITTED

Bound practical sheets from selected tutorial sessions.

SUBMISSION ‘Due’ Date:

25/4/2016 Time: 14:00 Location iCentre

MARKER(S): MODERATOR(S): FEEDBACK Where to get your

feedback: Collect from the

iCenter and email from lab tutor

‘Post’ Date: 21/5/2016

DESCRIPTIVE TITLE

Course work assignment Assessment Element

011

ASSESSMENT DETAILS

An extended piece of work that will require some research and applying of material learnt during the lectures, tutorials and practicals. Details of the assessment are given in the appendix.

Learning Outcomes 1 , 2 & 5 Weighting 60% Marking Approach Fine Grade

WHAT IS BEING SUBMITTED

A bound word-processed report of 4000 (or equivalent) words and a USB disk containing Packet Tracer configuration files.

SUBMISSION ‘Due’ Date:

6/5/2016 Time: 14:00 Location iCentre

MARKER(S): MODERATOR(S): FEEDBACK Where to get your

feedback: Collect from the

iCenter and email from lab tutor

‘Post’ Date: 5/6/2016

DESCRIPTIVE TITLE

In-class Test Assessment Element

012

ASSESSMENT DETAILS

A pair of 30-minute tests will be conducted during the semester.

Learning Outcomes 1, 2, 5 Weighting 20% Marking Approach Fine Grade

WHAT IS BEING SUBMITTED

Answer papers will be collected at the end of the test.

SUBMISSION ‘Due’ Date:

By local arrange ments during weeks 6 and 11

Time: By local arrange ments during weeks 6 and 11

Location During tutorial sessions

MARKER(S): MODERATOR(S): FEEDBACK Where to get your

feedback: During practical

sessions. ‘Post’ Date:

4.1 Submission All coursework assignments and other forms of assessment must be submitted by the published deadline which is detailed above. It is your responsibility to know when work is due to be submitted – ignorance of the deadline date will not be accepted as a reason for late or non-submission. All student work which contributes to the eventual outcome of the module (ie: if it determines whether you will pass or fail the module and counts towards the mark you achieve for the module) is submitted via the iCentre using the formal submission sheet. Academic staff CANNOT accept this work directly from you. If you decide to submit your work to the iCentre by post, it must arrive by midday on the due date. If you elect to post your work, you do so at your own risk and you must ensure that sufficient time is provided for your work to arrive at the iCentre. Posting your work the day before a deadline, albeit by first class post, is extremely risky and not advised. Any late work (submitted in person or by post) will NOT be accepted and a mark of zero will be awarded for the assessment task in question. You are requested to keep a copy of your work.

Feedback on your work You are entitled to feedback on your performance for all your assessed work. For all assessment tasks which are not examinations, this is provided by a member of academic staff completing the assignment coversheet on which your mark and feedback will relate to the achievement of the module’s intended learning outcomes and the assessment criteria you were given for the task when it was first issued. This feedback may be completed electronically and sent directly to your Anglia Ruskin e-mail account.

Examination scripts are retained by Anglia Ruskin and are not returned to students. However, you are entitled to feedback on your performance in an examination and may request a meeting with the Module Leader or Tutor to see your examination script and to discuss your performance. Anglia Ruskin is committed to providing you with feedback on all assessed work within 20 working days of the submission deadline or the date of an examination. This is extended to 30 days for feedback for a Major Project module (please note that working days excludes those days when Anglia Ruskin University is officially closed; eg: between Christmas and New Year). Personal tutors will offer to read feedback from several modules and help you to address any common themes that may be emerging. At the main Anglia Ruskin University campuses, each Faculty will publish details of the arrangement for the return of your assessed work (eg: a marked essay or case study etc.). Any work which is not collected by you from the Faculty within this timeframe is returned to the iCentres from where you can subsequently collect it. The iCentres retain student work for a specified period prior to its disposal. On occasion, you will receive feedback and marks for pieces of work that you completed in the earlier stages of the module. We provide you with this feedback as part of the learning experience and to help you prepare for other assessment tasks that you have still to complete. It is important to note that, in these cases, the marks for these pieces of work are unconfirmed. This means that, potentially, marks can change, in either direction! Marks for modules and individual pieces of work become confirmed on the Dates for the Official Publication of Results, which can be checked at www.anglia.ac.uk/results.

5. Learning Resources

5.1. Library ReadingLists@Anglia Module Resource List: http://readinglists.anglia.ac.uk/lists/BEF594D7-DA47-0194-C526-33162F5A0F42.html Library Contact Faculty of Science and Technology [email protected]

5.2. Other Resources The practical sessions will take place in a specialist lab that will permit you to install, configure and manage operating systems and networks.

6. How is My Work Marked? After you have handed your work in or you have completed an examination, Anglia Ruskin undertakes a series of activities to assure that our marking processes are comparable with those employed at other universities in the UK and that your work has been marked fairly, honestly and consistently. These include:

• Anonymous marking – your name is not attached to your work so, at the point of marking, the lecturer does not know whose work he/she is considering. When you undertake an assessment task where your identity is known (eg: a presentation or Major Project), it is marked by more than one lecturer (known as double marking)

• Internal moderation – a sample of all work for each assessment task in each module is

moderated by other Anglia Ruskin staff to check the standards and consistency of the marking

• External moderation – a sample of student work for all modules is moderated by external examiners – experienced academic staff from other universities (and sometimes practitioners who represent relevant professions) - who scrutinise your work and provide Anglia Ruskin academic staff with feedback, advice and assurance that the marking of your work is comparable to that in other UK universities. Many of Anglia Ruskin’s staff act as external examiners at other universities.

• Departmental Assessment Panel (DAP) – performance by all students on all modules is

discussed and approved at the appropriate DAPs which are attended by all relevant Module Leaders and external examiners. Anglia Ruskin has over 25 DAPs to cover all the different subjects we teach.

This module falls within the remit of the Computing and Technology DAP. The following external examiners are appointed to this DAP and will oversee the assessment of this and other modules within the DAP’s remit:

External Examiner’s Name Academic Institution Position or Employer

Dr. Gerhard Hancke City University of Hong Kong Senior Lecturer

The above list is correct at the time of publication. However, external examiners are appointed at various points throughout the year. An up-to-date list of external examiners is available to students and staff at www.anglia.ac.uk/eeinfo. Anglia Ruskin’s marking process is represented in the flowchart below:

Student submits work / sits

examination

Work collated and passed to Module Leader

Work is marked by Module Leader and Module Tutor(s)1. All marks collated by Module Leader

for ALL locations2

Internal moderation samples selected. Moderation undertaken

by a second academic3

Unconfirmed marks and feedback to students within 20 working

days (30 working days for Major Projects)

External moderation samples selected and moderated by

External Examiners4

Marks submitted to DAP5 for consideration and approval

Marks Approved by DAP5 and forwarded to Awards Board

Any issues?

Students receive initial (unconfirmed)

feedback

Confirmed marks issued to students

via e-Vision

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Flowchart of Anglia Ruskin’s Marking Processes

1 All work is marked anonymously or double marked where identity of the student is known (eg: in a presentation) 2 The internal (and external) moderation process compares work from all locations where the module is delivered

(eg: Cambridge, Chelmsford, Peterborough, Malaysia, India, Trinidad etc.) 3 The sample for the internal moderation process comprises a minimum of eight pieces of work or 10% (whichever

is the greater) for each marker and covers the full range of marks 4 Only modules at levels 5, 6 and 7 are subject to external moderation (unless required for separate reasons). The

sample for the external moderation process comprises a minimum of eight pieces of work or 10% (whichever is the greater) for the entire module and covers the full range of marks

5 DAP: Departmental Assessment Panel – Anglia Ruskin has over 25 different DAPs to reflect our subject coverage

7. Assessment Criteria and Marking Standards

ANGLIA RUSKIN UNIVERSITY GENERIC ASSESSMENT CRITERIA AND MARKING STANDARDS

LEVEL 4 Level 4 introduces students to HE. Students are expected to demonstrate relevant skills and competencies; to be articulate in expressing ideas orally; and to be coherent and structured in terms of written or other media. Forms of expression at this level may be descriptive or imitative, but students are expected to demonstrate an increasing understanding of the theoretical background of their study and the analytic competence to explore it, as well as its relationship, where appropriate, to particular skills. Students are expected to develop an awareness of strengths and weaknesses in their skill sets

Mark Bands Outcome

Generic Learning Outcomes (GLOs) (Academic Regulations, Section 2)

Knowledge & Understanding Intellectual (thinking), Practical, Affective and Transferable Skills

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90-100%

Achieves module outcome(s) related to GLO at this level

Exceptional information base exploring and analysing the discipline, its theory and ethical issues with extraordinary originality.

Exceptional management of learning resources, complemented by assured self-direction/exploration. Exceptional structure/accurate expression. Demonstrates exceptional intellectual originality and imagination. Exceptional practical/professional skills.

80-89% Outstanding information base exploring and analysing the discipline, its theory and ethical issues with clear originality

Outstanding management of learning resources, complemented by assured self-direction/exploration. An exemplar of structured/accurate expression. Demonstrates outstanding intellectual originality and imagination. Outstanding practical/professional skills

70-79% Excellent information base, exploring and analysing the discipline, its theory and ethical issues with considerable originality.

Excellent management of learning resources, complemented by self-direction/exploration. Structured/ accurate expression. Excellent academic/intellectual and team/practical/professional skills

60-69% Good information base; explores and analyses the discipline, its theory and ethical issues with some originality

Good management of learning resources with some self- direction. Structured and mainly accurate expression. Good academic/intellectual skills and team/practical/ professional skills

50-59% Satisfactory information base that begins to explore and analyse the discipline and its ethical issues but is still mainly imitative

Satisfactory use of learning resources and input to team work. Some lack of structure/accuracy in expression. Acceptable academic/intellectual skills and satisfactory practical/professional skills

40-49% A marginal pass in module outcome(s) related to GLO at this level

Basic information base; omissions in understanding of major/ethical issues. Largely imitative

Basic use of learning resources with no self-direction. Some input to team work. Some difficulty with structure and accuracy in expression. Some difficulties with academic/intellectual skills and developing practical/ professional skills

30-39%

A marginal fail in module outcome(s) related to GLO at this level. Possible compensation. Sat- isfies qualifying mark

Limited information base; limited understanding of discipline and its ethical dimension

Limited use of learning resources. No self-direction, little input to team work and difficulty with structure/accuracy in expression. Weak academic/intellectual skills. Practical/professional skills are not yet secure

20-29%

Fails to achieve module outcome(s) related to this GLO. Qualifying mark not satisfied. No compensation available

Little evidence of an information base. Little evidence of understanding of discipline and its ethical dimension.

Little evidence of use of learning resources. No self- direction, with little evidence of contribution to team work. Very weak academic/intellectual skills and significant difficulties with structure/expression. Little evidence of practical/professional skills

10-19% Inadequate information base. Inadequate understanding of discipline and its ethical dimension.

Inadequate use of learning resources. No attempt at self- direction with inadequate contribution to team work. Very weak academic/intellectual skills and major difficulty with structure/expression. Inadequate practical/professional skills

1-9% No evidence of any information base. No understanding of discipline and its ethical dimension.

No evidence of use of learning resources of understanding of self-direction with no evidence of contribution to team work. No evidence academic/intellectual skills and incoherent structure/ expression. No evidence of practical/ professional skills

0% Awarded for: (i) non-submission; (ii) dangerous practice and; (iii) in situations where the student fails to address the assignment brief (eg: answers the wrong question) and/or related learning outcomes

8. Attendance Attending all your classes is very important and one of the best ways to help you succeed in this module. In accordance with the Student Charter, you are expected to arrive on time and take an active part in all your timetabled classes. If you are unable to attend a class for a valid reason (eg: illness), please contact your Module Tutor Anglia Ruskin will closely monitor the attendance of all students and will contact you by e-mail if you have been absent without notice for two weeks. Please remember to “tap-in” using your Ruskin card at every taught session. Continued absence can result in various consequences including the termination of your registration as you will be considered to have withdrawn from your studies. International students who are non-EEA nationals and in possession of entry clearance/leave to remain as a student (Tier 4 student visa) are required to be in regular attendance at Anglia Ruskin. Failure to do so is considered to be a breach of national immigration regulations. Failure to do so will have serious implications for your immigration status in the UK. Anglia Ruskin, like all British Universities, is statutorily obliged to inform UK Visa & Immigration (Home Office) of significant unauthorised absences by any student visa holders.

9. Assessment Offences As an academic community, we recognise that the principles of truth, honesty and mutual respect are central to the pursuit of knowledge. Behaviour that undermines those principles weakens the community, both individually and collectively, and diminishes our values. We are committed to ensuring that every student and member of staff is made aware of the responsibilities s/he bears in maintaining the highest standards of academic integrity and how those standards are protected. You are reminded that any work that you submit must be your own. When you are preparing your work for submission, it is important that you understand the various academic conventions that you are expected to follow in order to make sure that you do not leave yourself open to accusations of plagiarism (eg: the correct use of referencing, citations, footnotes etc.) and that your work maintains its academic integrity.

Definitions of Assessment Offences Plagiarism Plagiarism is theft and occurs when you present someone else’s work, words, images, ideas, opinions or discoveries, whether published or not, as your own. It is also when you take the artwork, images or computer-generated work of others, without properly acknowledging where this is from or you do this without their permission. You can commit plagiarism in examinations, but it is most likely to happen in coursework, assignments, portfolios, essays, dissertations and so on. Examples of plagiarism include:

• directly copying from written work, physical work, performances, recorded work or images, without saying where this is from;

• using information from the internet or electronic media (such as DVDs and CDs) which belongs to someone else, and presenting it as your own;

• rewording someone else’s work, without referencing them; and

• handing in something for assessment which has been produced by another student or person. It is important that you do not plagiarise – intentionally or unintentionally – because the work of others and their ideas are their own. There are benefits to producing original ideas in terms of awards, prizes, qualifications, reputation and so on. To use someone else’s work, words, images, ideas or discoveries is a form of theft. Collusion Collusion is similar to plagiarism as it is an attempt to present another’s work as your own. In plagiarism the original owner of the work is not aware you are using it, in collusion two or more people may be involved in trying to produce one piece of work to benefit one individual, or plagiarising another person’s work. Examples of collusion include:

• agreeing with others to cheat; • getting someone else to produce part or all of your work; • copying the work of another person (with their permission); • submitting work from essay banks; • paying someone to produce work for you; and • allowing another student to copy your own work.

Many parts of university life need students to work together. Working as a team, as directed by your tutor, and producing group work is not collusion. Collusion only happens if you produce joint work to benefit of one or more person and try to deceive another (for example the assessor). Cheating Cheating is when someone aims to get unfair advantage over others. Examples of cheating include:

• taking unauthorised material into the examination room; • inventing results (including experiments, research, interviews and observations); • handing your own previously graded work back in; • getting an examination paper before it is released; • behaving in a way that means other students perform poorly; • pretending to be another student; and • trying to bribe members of staff or examiners.

Help to Avoid Assessment Offences Most of our students are honest and want to avoid committing assessment offences. We have a variety of resources, advice and guidance available to help make sure you can develop good academic skills. We will make sure that we make available consistent statements about what we expect. In accordance with our ‘Academic Honesty Policy’, you will be able to do tutorials on being honest in your work from the library (http://anglia.libguides.com/GAP) and other central support services and faculties, and will be able to review your work for plagiarism using ‘Turnitin®UK’ (where appropriate), an online service for matched-text. You can get advice on how to use honestly the work of others in your own work from the library website (www.libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/referencing.htm) and your lecturer and personal tutor. Turnitin®UK will produce a report which clearly shows if passages in your work have been matched with another source. Originality of assessment is an academic judgement and there is no

generally acceptable upper or lower similarity score. You may talk about the matched-text in the ‘Turnitin®UK’ report with a member of academic staff to see where you may need to improve your academic practice. If you are not sure whether the way you are working meets our requirements, you should talk to your personal tutor, module tutor or other member of academic staff. They will be able to help you and tell you about other resources that will help you develop your academic skills.

Procedures for Assessment Offences An assessment offence is the general term used to define cases where a student has tried to get unfair academic advantage in an assessment for himself or herself or another student. In cases where the Module Leader suspects that the assignment submitted is not the work of the student, and may have been produced by another person, the Module Leader informs the Director of Studies of the suspicion of an assessment offence. In the process of considering the academic integrity of the work, the Director of Studies may invite the student to a meeting, with the Module Leader, to answer questions about the assignment. We will fully investigate all cases of suspected assessment offences. If we prove that you have committed an assessment offence, an appropriate penalty will be imposed which, for the most serious offences, includes expulsion from Anglia Ruskin. For full details of our assessment offences policy and procedures, see Section 10 of the Academic Regulations at: www.anglia.ac.uk/academicregs.

10. Module Evaluation During the second half of the delivery of this module, you will be asked to complete a module evaluation questionnaire to help us obtain your views on all aspects of the module. This is an extremely important process which helps us to continue to improve the delivery of the module in the future and to respond to issues that you bring to our attention. The module report in section 11 of this module guide includes a section which comments on the feedback we received from other students who have studied this module previously. Your questionnaire response is anonymous. Please help us to help you and other students at Anglia Ruskin by completing the Module Evaluation survey. We very much value our students’ views and it is very important to us that you provide feedback to help us make improvements. In addition to the Module Evaluation process, you can send any comment on anything related to your experience at Anglia Ruskin to [email protected] at any time.

11. Report on Last Delivery of Module

Appendix: Assignment

Descriptions: The Data Management Department in a large company has 40 computers including two servers. The computers are 7 years old and are currently running Windows XP. The department has decided to make greater use of cloud infrastructure and replace all the computers with thin clients as the existing ones can not accommodate Windows 8. As 15 of the staff do a lot of work away from the office there is significant benefit from making use of cloud applications and file storage. To increase the availability of the Internet for the company they have two separate connections using IP addresses 76.23.45.34/30 and 145.145.34.98/30. In addition to the department mentioned above there are 7 other departments. Sales are broken down into two administrative groups home/EU (80 devices) and Overseas (130). The accounts department is split into three; Account Receivable (40) Accounts Payable (30) and General (80). The Head Office staff are divided into Management (60) and Branch Management (150) Task 1 28% (covers learning outcome 1) The department is considering the use of SaaS, PaaS and IaaS solutions. Explain what each of these are, two relevant examples of each and how they could be used by the Department. Select three thin clients that would be suitable choices for the department. Evaluate their suitability for the department and make a recommendation. Task 2 28% (covers learning outcome 5) Create a subnet structure for the company. Use Packet Tracer to create a suitable network topology for the company and create a table to detail the subnets making it clear the subnet address, subnet mask, broadcast address and the range of host addresses available. A rationale for the design is required. Task 3 28% (covers learning outcome 2) As part of the proposed design form a consultant employed by the department level 3 switches are used. The director is somewhat set in his ways and has not been keeping up with technology as well as he should. Write a short report ( 1000 or equivalent words) that explains

• the function of layers 2 and 3 of the OSI model, • how these map on to the TCP/IP model, • the protocols that the company are likely to be using at these levels, • the difference between level 2 switches, level 3 switches and routers,

In order to ensure security of access to data stored in the cloud the department will use VPNs. Explain what is meant by a VPN, how it works and how the security of data is ensured. Presentation 16% (4000 word report) Write a formal report for the company that covers the material required by the three tasks above. The report needs to be well structured and written with proper Harvard Referencing throughout. The report needs to be comb bound. A USB disk containing the Packet Tracer file(s) used to answer Task 2 must also be submitted.