8.pptTOURISM
- John Naisbitt, in his book Global Paradox states that:
- “Tourism is the world’s largest industry in terms of gross output, approaching $3.4 trillion.
- Tourism will continue to grow due to increased leisure time, often through retirement, and an increasingly educated population
TOURISM
- Tourism is a leisure migration
- Tourism is a part of a globalization process which brings interaction between two places, and often changes both
- Tourism impacts the place visited economically, socially and environmentally; in both positive and negative ways
Positive Economic Impacts
- Tourism is an export bringing money into an economy.
- Tourism money expands within an economy through the “multiplier effect”
- Tourism brings much needed employment and job training
- Infrastructure improvements often benefit the entire community
Negative Economic Impacts
- Seasonality
- Inflation
- Benefits may be unevenly distributed
- Leakage
- The cost of development may be high
- Market dependency in a competitive environment
Positive Cultural Impacts
- Both the visitor and the visited enjoy valuable cultural interaction; cultural awareness is enhanced for both
- Tourism encourages the preservation of declining folk traditions
- Tourism makes “marginal” communities important to a nation
Negative Cultural Impacts
- Turns cultural attributes into commodities in a market economy
- Aspects of a culture may be modified
- It upsets social patterns such as relationships, clothing, even music
- May introduce crime, drugs, “foreign behavior”
Positive Environmental Impacts
- Often leads to support for conservation and protection
- Gives value to natural phenomena such as scenery, animals, recreational locations
Negative Environmental Impacts
- Tourist demands for water, housing, recreation facilities, even energy, may affect the environment
- Tourist activities may create stress for wildlife
- Tourist activities may cause pollution and environmental degradation
