PSY ASSIGNMENT
Jambo
psy_530.rtf
Publisher:
Pearson Education, Inc.
PSY530
Psychology of Aging
Text: Human Aging
2nd Edition, 2008 ISBN-13: 9780205544011
Authors:
Paul W. Foes: M. Cherie Clark
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Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)
1. A problem with stereotypes is that they may often lead to ageism. Ageism is
a. jealousy of older adults
b. prejudice against older adults
c. false beliefs about older adults
d. blaming of older adults
2. A good synonym for the word "cohort" would be
a. ethnic group
b. age
c. generation
d. gender
3. A researcher who is interested in the relationship between two variables is most likely to use which of the following approaches?
a. quasi-experimental
b. longitudinal
c. cross-sequential
d. correlational
4. Which of the following is an example of an autoimmune disease?
a. osteoporosis
b. hypertension
c. rheumatoid arthritis
d. varicose veins
5. Findings that show good health to be associated with positive attitude offer support for __ views of development.
a.
hereditary
b.
continuous
c.
organismic
d.
mechan istic
6. Which of the following hormones is a regulator of biological rhythms?
a. melatonin
b. telomerase
c. DHEA
d. Human growth hormone
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7. Some research has found an association between shorter telomere strands and
a. lack of exercise
b. high levels of stress
c. excess alcohol intake
d. obesity
8. One of the most important things that people can do to increase their health and longevity is something that less than half actually do on a regular basis and that is to
a. take vitamin supplements
b. exercise
c. wear seat belts
d. have regular physical examinations
9. The loss of nerve cells under the skin frequently produces a decline in sensitivity to which of the following for older adults?
a. touch
b. pain
c. light
d. sound
10. Comparisons of age differences in simple and choice reaction time situations show that the slowing down with advanced age is primarily in
a. the sensing of presented stimuli
b. the central processing of information
c. the motor muscle responses
d. all are equally involved
11. refers to knowledge about one's own memory.
a. Procedural memory
b. Prospective memory
c. Selective memory
d. Metamemory
12. A high level of intelligence in a very specific area is called
a. fluid intelligence
b. crystallized intelligence
c. expertise
d. wisdom
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13. A person who takes account of the fact that people behave differently in different cultures would be said to have which aspect of wisdom?
a. Knowledge of procedures
b. factual knowledge
c. I ife-span contextual ism
d. tolerance for uncertainty
14. Erikson suggested that people who do not achieve generativity, experience
a. isolation
b. stagnation
c. role confusion
d. despair
15. Changes in gender roles with age do not seem to be related to
a. culture
b. parenthood
c. cohort
d. gender
16. It is estimated that about __ persons aged 51 and older are currently cohabiting.
a. 100,000
b. a half million
c. 1 million
d. 2 million
17. People with which of the following characteristics are more likely to work well beyond the average age of retirement?
a. those in very good health
b. people who like their work and are dedicated to their careers
c. workers with relatively low income
d. all of the above
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18. Middle-aged adults who are caring for children and an ailing parent seem to have their stress reduced by time spent in the work place when the parent has which of the following ailments?
a. severe memory loss
b. diabetes
c. incontinence
d. loss of hearing and/or sight
19. Which of the following is known to be caused by a gene?
a. Alzheimer's
b. Pick's
c. Creutzfeldt-Jakob
d. Korsakoff's
20. Which dementia is caused by a series of continuing and small strokes?
a. Huntington's
b. Alzheimer's
c. Parkinson's
d. Vascular
21. A good example of a structural improvement to increase physical congruence in an older adult's home would be to
a. raise the height of kitchen shelves to increase storage capacity
b. replace door knobs with lever handles
c. lower illumination levels in the kitchen to prevent glare
d. all of the above are good examples
22. Most people enrolled in hospice are
a. old
b. dying of cancer
c. terminally ill
d. all of the above
23. An advantage of cremation over more traditional funeral and burial procedures is that cremation
a. is relatively inexpensive
b. is much quicker
c. lowers the level of stress for survivors
d. is preferred by most funeral directors
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24. The most frequently researched group of bereaved individuals has been
a.
widows
b.
children
c.
parents
d.
siblings
25. Surveys of bereaved individuals have found that one of the most frequently reported helping behaviors provided by family and friends is
a. staying away and allowing the survivor to grieve in peace
b. maintaining close and frequent contact by visiting, phoning, or writing
c. sending anonymous gift packages containing food and cleaning supplies
d. making frequent trips to the cemetery to clean the gravesite and provide fresh flowers
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Psychology of Aging
Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)
l. The study of aging and old adults is known as
a. Gerontology
b. Geriatrics
c. Geropsychology
d. Geriagology
2. People who live to be 100 or older are referred to as
a. Hundredairres
b. Centenarians
c. Oldsters
d. Very Oldsters
3. Of the following, which is the more frequent stereotype of an older adult?
a. wise
b. capable
c. confused
d. wealthy
4. Quantitative analyses of TV shows have found that
a. older adults are portrayed negatively
b. older women are especially underrepresented
c. older adults fare best during prime time
d. older adults fare worst in commercials
5. Analyses of stereotypes of older adults in print media have found that one of the most frequent negative portrayals is that of
a. extreme disability
b. wisdom and generosity
c. being unable to remember where they are
d. sexual dysfunction
6. A problem with stereotypes is that they may often lead to ageism. Ageism is
a. jealousy of older adults
b. prejudice against older adults
c. false beliefs about older adults
d. blaming of older adults
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7. Older adults are seen most positively by
a. men
b. women
c. children
d. other older adults
8. Which of the following improves attitudes toward aging and older adults?
a. staying away from older adults
b. education about older adults
c. traveling to older communities
d. all of the above
9. Older adults are more respected in which of the following locations?
a. Mexico
b. Hong Kong
c. Bolivia
d. Polynesia
10. A researcher who is interested in the differences between two or more groups of people is most likely to use which of the following approaches?
a. quasi-experimental
b. longitudinal
c. cross-sequential
d. correlational
11. A good synonym for the word "cohort" wou Id be
a. ethnic group
b. age
c. generation
d. gender
12. Three important variables are tied together in developmental research. Which of the following is not one of these three?
a. age
b. cohort
c. gender
d. time of measurement
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Psychology of Aging
13. A researcher finds that age is negatively correlated with alcohol consumption. This means that older adults
a. drink more than younger adults
b. drink less than younger adults
c. drink about the same as young adults and experience the same negative effects
d. are more likely than young adults to experience the negative effects of alcohol consumption
14. A researcher who wants to examine both age and cohort differences is advised to use a __ design.
a. cross-sectional
b. cross-sequential
c. longitudinal
d. quasi-experimental
15. Before we can collect data from other human beings we must make sure that they
a. are informed and consent to participate
b. have data that will be worth collecting
c. have not previously partici pated
d. all of the above
16. When a researcher is part of the situation that is being observed, the researcher is referred to as a(n)
a. i nd ispensable investigator
b. interference producer
c. participant observer
d. intentional intruder
17. A small group brought together to discuss some topic or evaluate some product is referred to as a(n) __ group.
a. discussion
b. rhetoric
c. assessment
d. focus
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Psychology of Aging
18. Before a researcher can begin to collect data, he or she must first
a. prepare any analyses that will be conducted
b. obtain approval from an IRB
c. write the initial parts of the later report
d. all of the above
19. The disorder in which bones become very fragile and which occurs most frequently in older Asian and white women is known as
a. osteoporosis
b. osteoblastosis
c. osteoclastosis
d. osteosis
20. Cells which are very active during childhood and which build new bone from calcium are called
a. osteoblasts
b. osteoclasts
c. calcioblasts
d. calcioclasts
2l. Which of the following increases with advanced age?
a. bone density
b. shoe size
c. size of nose and ears
d. nothing increases with advanced age
22. Loss of bone density has been found to be strongly associated with all of the following except
a. kidney dysfunction
b. insomnia
c. smoking
d. lack of exercise
23. High levels of DHEA have been associated with
a. lower risk of cardiovascular disease in older men
b. lower risk of cardiovascular disease for men and women
c. higher risk of cardiovascular disease in women
d. higher risk of cardiovascular disease for men and women
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Psychology of Aging
24. Free radicals are
a. highly reactive molecules
b. scavenger viruses
c. serious infections
d. a group of radical seniors
25. Person with very low BMI's are more likely than normal weighted individuals to die from
a. starvation
b. respiratory problems
c. heart disease
d. all of the above
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Psychology of Agi ng
Written Assignment for Unit One
Be sure to refer to the course syllabus for instructions on format, length, and other information on how to complete this assignment.
Please answer ONE of the following:
1) Use your knowledge of Life Expectancy at Birth (LEAB) and Life Expectancy at a Spe- cific Age (LEASA) to explain the phenomenon known as the "Graying of America". What other factors affect this demographic phenomenon?
2) Describe the advantages and disadvantages of cross-sectional, longitudinal, and se- quential designs used to study issues in aging.
3) Describe the difference between programmed and unprogrammed theories of senes- cence. Describe in detail one theory of each category.
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Psychology of Agi ng
Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)
l. When one looks at traffic accidents for older adults as a function of miles driven, one fi nds that older ad u Its
a. have the same accident rate as younger adults
b. have a much higher accident rate
c. have a much lower accident rate
d. have a slightly lower accident rate
2. Presbycusis refers to
a. a general decline in hearing with advanced age
b. a decline in ability to understand spoken language
c. a decline in hearing for higher pitch sounds
d. a general decline in vision with advanced age
3. A decline in hearing during old age occurs more frequently for
a. men than women
b. women than men
c. people with some visual decline
d. people without any visual problems
4. Older adults have the greatest difficulty understanding speech when
a. other people are also talking
b. static noise is occurring
c. speech has been recorded
d. all of these conditions are equally difficult
5. When talking with a hearing impaired older adults one should not
a. face the person so they can see your lips move
b. rephrase what you've said if they do not understand
c. find a relatively quiet place to talk
d. speak loudly directly into their ear
6. Some recent work suggests that hearing loss is related to an individual's
a. loss of sight
b. memory functioning
c. belief in negative stereotypes
d. all of the above
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Psychology of Aging
7. Research suggests that it is better to place a hearing aid in the right ear because that ear
a. will experience less discomfort
b. is better at detecting speech
c. usually has the greatest amount of hearing loss
d. is a little closer to the brain
8. Loss of the sense of smell in old age seems to
a. be fairly common
b. be very rare
c. occur more often in men
d. occur more often in women
9. A dangerous aspect of the loss of smell is that one may
a. lose all sense of direction
b. be unable to detect a gas leak or smoke
c. also lose ability to taste really good food
d. remain in an environment that smells really bad
10. Remembering to do some future behavior is referred to as __ memory.
a. prospective
b. semantic
c. retrospective
d. procedural
11. Older adults generally do well when their memory to do something in a naturalistic setting is tested probably because they
a. have excellent to-do memories
b. ask their friends and family to remember for them
c. plan effective strategies
d. have nothing else to do
12. Josephine is 74 years old and is planning on taking a class to learn how to use her new computer; she should realize that
a. no one that old can learn to use computers
b. it will probably take her longer to learn than she might expect
c. she will learn well but be unable to remember what she learned
d. it is not worth the effort because computers change constantly
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Psychology of Aging
13. Loquisha and Donald met at a party. Loquisha is 84 and wants to be sure and remem- ber Donald's name; she should
a. focus only on his name
b. shut out all distractions
c. take her time remembering
d. all of the above
14. Older adults are most likely to remember which of the following aspects of an important message?
a. the source of the message
b. the context in which the message was received
c. the contents of the message
d. the length of the message
15. Retrieval from __ memory does not appear to be a problem for older adults.
a. working
b. long-term
c. episodic
d. semantic
16. Which of the following items do older adults generally remember better than younger adults?
a. grocery items
b. songs
c. world history
d. all of the above
17. Ti p of the tongue (TOT) states seems to occur
a. more frequently for older adults
b. more frequently for younger adults
c. at about the same frequency for older and younger adults
d. most frequently for children and adolescents
18 Metamemory refers to
a. memory for meta
b. an ability to retrieve information in great detail
c. a loss of memory for general knowledge
d. knowledge about one's own memory
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Psychology of Aging
19. Older adults are more likely to score higher than younger adults on tests of __ i ntell igence.
a. fluid
b. crystallized
c. standardized
d. lateralized
20. Terminal drop refers to
a. a fall resulting in a hip fracture and death
b. a sharp decline in vision leading to a fatal accident
c. a sharp decline in cognitive abilities shortly before death
d. a sudden loss of balance leading to continual falls and death
21. Less rapid decline in intelligence occurs for older adults who have
a. more education
b. good nutrition
c. physical activity
d. all of the above
22. One major complaint about the use of standard IQ tests to measure age differences in intelligence is that
a. such tests do not measure real adult intelligence
b. IQ tests rely too much on current knowledge
c. Test givers are typically young
d. Older adults often cannot respond fast enough
23. In tests of real world intelligence, older adults have performed very well
a. in predicting the weather
b. weighing fruit and vegetables
c. arranging furniture
d. predicting winning horses
24. Older adults sometimes score lower on Piaget's tests of intelligence because they
a. do not understand the directions very well
b. try to respond too rapidly thinking it's a test of speed
c. are very unfamiliar with the questions being asked
d. go far beyond the simple material presented
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Psychology of Agi ng
25. Which of the following is not regarded as an aspect of adult intelligence?
a. a willingness to accept ambiguity
b. going beyond the materials presented
c. attempting to find the one correct answer
d. a tendency to seek new perspectives
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Psychology of Aging
Written Assignment for Unit Two
Be sure to refer to this course syllabus for instructions on format, length, and other information on how to complete this assignment. Please answer ONE of the following:
1) Describe the typical changes that can occur in three different senses with advanced age.
2) Describe an aspect of memory that appears not to change with age, one that appears to decline, and one that appears to improve.
3) Describe the work on creativity and aging and explain why we still are not sure wheth- er or not creativity changes with age.
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Psychology of Aging
Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)
1. A person who is very practical, traditional, and set in their ways would probably score low on measures of which trait?
a. openness
b. agreeableness
c. neuroticism
d. flexibility
2. Costa and McCrae argue that your traits are largely
a. determined by your environment
b. biologically determined
c. very likely to change with advanced age
d. all of the above
3. When personality trait differences have been found for different aged adults they usually turn out to be
a. gender differences
b. cohort differences
c. due to measurement error
d. true age differences
4. Do traits change with age?
a. no
b. yes, traits change a little
c. yes some traits do but others do not
d. all traits change a lot
5. Which trait has been found to show some increase with age?
a. extraversion
b. openness
c. agreeableness
d. all of the above
6. Which trait has been found to show some decrease with age?
a. conscientiousness
b. neuroticism
c. agreeableness
d. all of the above
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Psychology of Aging
7. High levels of one of the following traits is associated with high levels of fear of aging; which trait is it?
a. openness
b. extraversion
c. conscientiousness
d. neuroticism
8. Which level of personality description is assumed to change with age?
a. traits
b. personal concerns
c. identity
d. all are assumed to change with age
9. Erikson's major disagreement with Freud was that
a. Freud relied too much on sex
b. Freud didn't rely enough on sex
c. Erikson didn't believe in ego
d. Erikson believed that personality developed throughout life
10. An important factor in the social networks found for gay and lesbian couples is that people placed in the inner circle tend to
a. be aware of the individual's sexual orientation
b. also be gay or lesbian
c. be quite a bit younger than the individual
d. be quite a bit older than the individual
11. Older adults in different cultures name the same person as their primary source of support. That person is
a. the oldest ch i Id
b. a very close friend
c. a daughter
d. their spouse
12. Those who maintain close contact with other people tend to have
a. higher levels of life satisfaction
b. lower levels of physical impairments
c. healthier cardiovascular and immune systems
d. all of the above
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Psychology of Aging
13. Family and friends may help us deal with stress by
a. distracting us from events that produce stress
b. buffering and sharing stress with us
c. taking our place when a stressful event is anticipated
d. all of the above
14. Well-being is strongly associated with
a. the actual level of support that a person receives from others
b. one's perception of support rather than actual support
c. the length of time that one is supported
d. the total amount of support received from others
15. Perceived social support has been found to be related to all of the following except
a. depression
b. cognition
c. I ife satisfaction
d. arthritis
16. The most frequently found pattern of marital satisfaction has found that it is lowest
a. soon after the marriage has begun
b. during the years of child rearing
c. when the last child has left home
d. when both husband and wife are very old
17. When couples who have been married for a very long time have been asked why
their marriage has lasted, the most frequent reason given by both husbands and wives is that
a. marriage is sacred
b. my spouse is my best friend
c. I want the marriage to last
d. we agree on aims and goals
18. Marital strain has been found to be
a. always greater for men than women
b. always greater for women than men
c. greater for older men than women
d. greater for older women than men
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Psychology of Agi ng
19. The ADEA is the
a. Adult Developmental Education Association
b. Age Discrimination Employment Act
c. American Distance Education Alliance
d. Acme Daredevi I Escapades Association
20. When older and younger workers have lost their jobs, older workers typically
a. find a new job quicker because of their greater experience
b. retire rather than look for a new job
c. start at a much lower salary when they find a new job
d. all of the above
2l. When an older worker files a case of discrimination against a company and the case goes to court
a. the company usually wins
b. the older worker usually wins
c. companies and older workers win about equally often
d. companies never win
22. Employers argue that older adults looking for a new job are less likely to be hired than a younger adult because
a. no one wants to hire an older adult
b. older adults have outdated job search skills
c. discrimination against younger adults is illegal
d. most people making hiring decisions are fairly young
23. The Supreme Court has now ruled that older workers need no longer prove _ to win a job discrimination suit.
a. discrimination
b. age bias
c. intention
d. negative impact
24. Job loss for older workers
a. can lead to excess consumption of alcohol and other drugs
b. occurs more often for women and minorities
c. has been found to sometimes relieve job depression
d. is no more frequent that job loss for younger workers
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25. Which of the following is usually considered a positive inducement to retire early?
a. being offered full pension but at an earlier than usual age
b. being transferred to a different department in the organization
c. being offered the opportunity to participate in a formal retirement planning seminar
d. being given a higher than average raise and an extra week of vacation
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Psychology of Aging
Written Assignment for Unit Three
Be sure to refer to this course syllabus for instructions on format, length, and other information on how to complete this assignment. Please answer ONE of the following:
l. Describe the five factor trait theory. As researchers have examined age differences in these factors what has been found? Does the type of research design playa role?
2. Describe Kahn and Antonucci's convoy model of social support networks. Discuss the social support networks of adults. Identify changes that occur in old age.
3. Retirement income for older Americans has been described as a "three legged stool" of support. Describe what is meant by this. What factors are related to whether or not a person has support from these sources? How are sources of income likely to change in the next 25 years?
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Psychology of Aging
Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)
1. Older adults are more likely than younger adults to become depressed because of
a. driving cessation
b. development of some disability
c. loss of a spouse
d. all of the above
2. A danger for older adults taking some antidepressant medications is that such medications may
a. decrease bone density
b. increase blood pressure
c. reduce muscle strength
d. all of the above
3. Which of the following has not been shown to be an effective treatment for depression in older adults?
a. rigorous exercise
b. life review
c. mental stimulation
d. all are effective treatments
4. Which of the following is not one of the five symptoms of a cognitive disorder?
Impaired __
a. memory
b. judgment
c. emotionality
d. perception
5. Which of the following is not one of the tests used to assist in the diagnosis of a cogn itive disorder?
a. Time and Change Test
b. Memory for Digit Span
c. Draw a Clock
d. MMSE
6. A disturbance in brain metabolism caused by medication(s) can result in a(n)
a. acute organic brain syndrome
b. chronic organic brain syndrome
c. dementia
d. depression pseudodementia
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Psychology of Agi ng
7. A deficiency in which of the following can produce symptoms that resemble dementia?
a. calcium
b. Vitamin C
c. Vitamin 812
d. Iron
8. The symptoms of dementia could result from
a. an electrolyte imbalance
b. over-med ication
c. polypharmacy
d. all of the above
9. When cognitive symptoms are a result of irreversible and increasing damage to the brain, the disorder is called
a. delirium
b. dementia
c. MCI
d. Alzheimer's
10. In which of the following countries are older adults most likely to live with their adult children?
a. Japan
b. Australia
c. Israel
d. Korea
11. When asked where they would like to live for the rest of their lives most older adults say that they would prefer
a. moving to a home closer to their children
b. staying in their own home and aging in place
c. moving to Florida or Arizona if only they could afford to
d. staying with friends in a nearby assisted living facility
12. The initials ADL stand for
a. Assisted Dependent Living
b. Association of Democratic Leaders
c. Activities of Daily Living
d. Affiliated and Dependent Ladies
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13. The most common physical problem reported by older adults living in their own homes is
a. climbing stairs
b. cooking meals
c. cleaning house
d. doing laundry
14. Which of the following groups of older people are the least likely to remain at home alone?
a. white men
b. white women
c. black men
d. black women
15. The health and well-being of a person living in an institutional environment is strongly related to the
a. level of person-environment congruence in that setting
b. autonomy in choosing a roommate, food, visiting, and phone privileges
c. quality of the relationships with staff and other residents
d. all of the above
16. Most frail older adults are cared for in
a. their own or a relative's home
b. a nursing home
c. a hospital
d. most frail older adults are not cared for
17. When older women have moved to a retirement community away from family and friends their relocation distress has often been alleviated by their
a. continual visits to the old neighborhood
b. use of email
c. ability to quickly make new friends
d. nothing has been found that relieves this distress
18. Which of the following persons is more likely to remain at home alone?
a. a white man
b. a black man
c. a white woman
d. a black woman
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Psychology of Aging
19. The advance directive that can be applied to the widest range of circumstances is the
a. DNR
b. DNH
c. Durable power of attorney
d. Living will
20. With respect to advanced directives it would be correct to say that
a. they are always taken into consideration by physicians
b. only a small proportion of older adults have one
c. they are not considered legal in many states
d. close family members can override them if they wish
21. The Patient Self-Determination Act requires all healthcare institutions that receive Medicaid funds to inform patients about
a. advance directives
b. the right of privacy
c. the most up-to-date medical procedures
d. all of the above
22. Allowing someone to die by not using artificial means to prolong their life is referred to as
a. mercy killing
b. active euthanasia
c. passive euthanasia
d. natural euthanasia
23. Physician assisted suicide is legal in
a. Oregon
b. California
c. Nevada
d. All states
24. By the year 2060 it is expected that the age differences that are found today on tests of memory will
a. no longer be found
b. still be present
c. be even bigger
d. exist only for certain cohorts
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25. A recent study found that cognitive functioning in adults 70 years and older was strongly related to their high school levels of
a. physical activity
b. social activity
c. intelligence
d. all of the above
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Written Assignment for Unit Four
Be sure to refer to this course syllabus for instructions on format, length, and other information on how to complete this assignment. Please answer ONE of the following:
1) What are some of the genetic and environmental factors that seem to be a part of the cause(s) of Alzheimer's?
2) Describe two positive and two negative effects of institutions on older residents. Iden- tify two aspects of an "ideal" institution.
3) Describe the different types of advance directives and their current use. Are they always followed? Why or why not?
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