HW-22- Aroka only

Problem Summary

There has been series of problems resulting from poor control of traffic. This has been happening in both developed and developing countries. Lack of proper plans and strategy each year makes road users to encounter the same problems. People spend longer than they estimated their travel time to be, especially in heavy traffic jams, many accidents due to rush have significantly increased and also increase of the pollutants to the environment due to the constant idling of the vehicles as they are not moving.

Heavy noise from impatient drivers hooting their next vehicles in front of them create noise pollution. Poorly developed methods and strategies to avert the situation from the government side have been the major problem ever since. Local government should take the initiative to design the new mechanism to ensure that traffic is decongested to all roads especially to those near the major towns and cities. Another key point to consider is the growing number of private vehicles on the road. This makes the challenge of controlling traffic to be a bit hard.

The same problem is face by Kuwait nearly every day and standard traffic lights which are set up at various junctions in Kuwait operate upon predefined timing schemes, which are set at the time of installation and can be further reset. The timing schemes are arrived by considering normal traffic conditions. There should be different timing schemes for different junctions but many lights operate under a simplified sequence.

This problem has encouraged the need to solve the timing problem. In order to design and develop an effective as well as intelligent traffic control method, a number of factors regarding the condition of roads should be considered. A number of intelligent traffic lights used now a day have sensors which feed a predefined algorithm which in turn control the operation of lights. This algorithm presumes the traffic to be moving smoothly and thereby doesn’t require external management. However, in cases of congestion or any untoward incident, the lights fail to adapt to the scenario.

The proposed RFID traffic control avoids problems that usually arise with standard traffic control systems, especially those related to image processing and beam interruption techniques. This RFID technique deals with a multi-vehicle, multilane, multi road junction area. It provides an efficient time management scheme, in which a dynamic time schedule is worked out in real time for the passage of each traffic column. The real time operation of the system emulates the judgment of a traffic policeman on duty. The number of vehicles in each column and the routing are proprieties, upon which the calculations and the judgments are based.

The main areas for which the RFID traffic system has an advantage over the conventional are the areas of image processing along with beam interruption methods. This method is applicable in case of multi vehicle, multi road junction area and multi lanes. Its changes the algorithms for each traffic lane in real time for smooth traffic flow. It does its job by simulating a traffic policeman’s decisions at the same scenario.

The routing as well as the number of vehicles in each lane are the parameters for the calculations and decisions. The RFID consists of four important parts, the AersoScout RFID tags, the Cisco access point, the Wide Area Network along with the Cisco location server. The responsibilities of the parts are simulating moving vehicles, detecting the RFID tags, simulating the omnipresent surroundings and the RFID software respectively.

The microcontroller of the system is the location server. It feeds the location and the time of tagging from the sensors through the internet to the management system. The system then processes the incoming information and takes decisions accordingly to control the traffic. The detailed diagram showing the working is given below: -

RFID: Components:

1-Types of RFID Tag:

Tags are divided by the way in which they obtain their operational power, although the power levels necessary are perpetually very minute (micro to milli-watts). Tags are passive or active, the title being resolute entirely by the way in which the tool derives its power.

A) Active Tags

An inner battery powers active tags. The employ of a battery signify that a preserved active transponder has a limited lifetime. Though, a appropriate cell attached to fitting low power circuitry can make sure the functionality for longer period, based upon the functioning temperatures, usage and read/write cycles. Active tags typically send data backside to the reader with power produced from the tag.

B) Passive Tags

Passive tags functions without an inner battery, get the power to function from the magnetic field produced by the reader. Passive tags have less ranges of read compared to the active tags and necessitate a high-powered reader. Passive tags are also controlled in their capability to store data and the skill to execute well in electromagnetically loud environments owing to the truth that a local power supply is absent and are extra susceptible to noise. On the other hand, passive tags present advantages in stipulations of cost and life span. They usually have much lifetime and are inferior in price compared to the active transponders.

RFID tag structure

The purpose of the tag is to make a query regarding the data it carries. Figure demonstrate the essential construction of the RFID transponder, which has its corresponding front-end, joined with its back-end digital circuitry. Memory of the transponder may include Random Access Memory (RAM), non-volatile programmable memory and Read-Only Memory (ROM), for storing data depending upon the kind and complication of the device. It is utilized to accumulate the transponder data and have to be non-volatile to make sure that the data is reserved when the device is in its inactive or power-saving "sleep" state.