How did the role and responsibilities of the federal government change during the Progressive Era and the New Deal?
jaclynbonlarron
lecture_text_chapter22-2.pptThe Great Depression and the New Deal,
1929-1939
Chapter 22
The Economic Crisis
- The Crash and the Great Depression
- Black Thursday – Oct. 24, 1929
- Crash was a catalyst for the Great Depression
- Not a cause
- Weaknesses of economy were highlighted
- Banking system appeared to be collapsing
- Smoot-Hawley Tariff (1930)
- World trade was stifled as a result
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- Hoover’s Response to Crisis
- Secretary of Treasury Andrew Mellon
- Most experts believed free market would eventually heal itself
- Took new steps in 1931
- Glass-Steagall Banking Act
- Federal Home Loan Act
- Reconstruction Finance Corporation
The Economic Crisis
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- A Rising Tide of Discontent
- Farmers’ Holiday Association
- Bonus Army
- The Roosevelt Landslide
- Voters chose philosophy of Democrats
- People voted for Democrats at every level
The Economic Crisis
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- 1933 – The First Hundred Days
- FDR had no clear plan
- Emergency Banking Bill
- Fireside chats
- Agricultural Adjustment Act
- National Industrial Recovery Act
- Tennessee Valley Authority
- Civilian Conservation Corps
The New Deal
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- 1934 – Year of Turmoil
- Opposition to New Deal emerged
- Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
- Federal Housing Administration (FHA)
- Popular critics
- Father Charles Coughlin
- Senator Huey Long
- Dr. Francis Townsend
The New Deal
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The New Deal
- 1935 – The Second Hundred Days
- Congress allocated $5 billion for relief
- Schechter Poultry Corporation v. U.S.
- Social Security Act
- National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act
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- The Election of 1936 and the Waning of the New Deal
- Court-Packing Plan
- FDR eventually admitted defeat
- Roosevelt’s recession
- Fair Labor Standards Act
The New Deal
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- Changing the Face of America: The New Deal in Action
- Impacted entire nation
- National Youth Administration
- United States v. Butler
- Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act
- Dust Bowl
- Rural Electrification Administration
The New Deal
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- PWA and WPA
- Public Works Administration
- Works Progress Administration
- The Wagner Act and the Growth of Unions
- The New Deal and Agriculture
The New Deal
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Americans Grapple with the Depression
- “Making Do”
- “Use it up, wear it out, make it do, or do without”
- Feed sacks became a source of material
- Changing Women’s Roles
- As unemployment rose, so did pressure NOT to hire women
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Americans Grapple with the Depression
- Race and Depression: South and West
- Depression’s economic impact intensified economic and social difficulties for:
- African Americans
- Latinos
- Asians
- Scottsboro Nine
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- A New Deal for All?
- Eleanor Roosevelt
- More African Americans appointed to government positions
- Cultural Expression in the Midst of Depression?
- Some artistic expression critical of American society and politics
Americans Grapple with the Depression
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The Great Depression and New Deal in Perspective
- Left a permanent legacy of an activist government
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