How did the role and responsibilities of the federal government change during the Progressive Era and the New Deal?
jaclynbonlarron
lecture_text_chapter16.pptThe Nation Industrializes,
1865-1900
Chapter 16
Foundations for Industrialization
- Resources, Skills, Capital, and New Federal Policies
- Abundant natural resources
- Experienced workforce
- Capital
- Institution to mobilize capital
- The Transformation of Agriculture
- Homestead Act
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The Dawn of Big Business
- Railroads: The First Big Business
- A national railroad system developed in the late 19th century
- Government aid
- Nationwide market
- Railroads, Investment Bankers, and “Morganization”
- Reduce competition
- Increase efficiency
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- Andrew Carnegie and the Age of Steel
- Carnegie led the way in manufacturing
- Created the largest and most complex steel company of all
- U.S. Steel
- Vertical integration
- Survival of the Fittest
- Social Darwinism
- Gospel of Wealth
The Dawn of Big Business
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Expansion of the Industrial Economy
- Standard Oil: Model for Monopoly
- John D. Rockefeller
- Horizontal then vertical integration
- Trusts
- Thomas Edison and the Power of Innovation
- Rockefeller and others believed technology would give them a competitive edge
- Electricity
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- Selling to the Nation
- Trademarks and other logos appeared
- Advertising
- Mail-order catalogs
- Economic Concentration in Consumer-Goods Industries
- Workers lost individualism
- Increasing size of business
Expansion of the Industrial Economy
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- Seeking a New South
- Southern textile industry
- Tried to reduce dependence on
- Cotton
- Tobacco
- The “Lost Cause”
Expansion of the Industrial Economy
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Incorporating the West into the National Economy
- War for the West
- Plains Wars
- Fort Laramie Treaty
- Ghost Dance
- Transforming the West: Railroads, Cattle, and Mining
- Pacific Railroad Act of 1862
- Open-Range System
- Cowboys as popular icons
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- Transforming the West: Farming and Lumbering
- Growth of agribusiness
- Those who came to farm were as diverse as the nation itself
- Lack of rainfall a challenge
- Water and Western Development
- Reclamation Act of 1902
Incorporating the West into the National Economy
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Boom and Bust: The Economy from the Civil War to World War I
- Growth & Depression in the 1870s & 1880s
- 1873 Depression
- Economic Collapse and Depression in the 1890s
- 1893 Depression
- No one really understood why the economy collapsed so quickly
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- The “Merger Movement”
- Large number in manufacturing and mining
- Economic weakness revealed by the depression
- Threat of vicious competition among reviving manufacturing companies prompted reorganization
- U.S. Steel
- Failed to provide long-term economic stability
Boom and Bust: The Economy from the Civil War to World War I
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