Geography homework

GLG111 HW#2 Spring 2016

Due: Thursday, March 3

Name: ______________________________ Section: E, F or G?

Please type your answers to the questions and bring a hard copy of these pages with your answers included, to the class on March 3, 2016.

PART 1: (42 pts) Minerals

1. Define the following terms as they relate to the study of minerals.

Atomic number:

Isotope:

Cation:

Covalent bond:

Crystal habit:

2. Using the definition of a mineral, indicate whether or not each of the following materials can be called a mineral. If the answer is no, which property (properties) does it lack?

graphite_______________________ glass_______________________

natural diamond_______________________ petroleum (oil)_______________________

3. Complete the table using the information provided in the class or your textbook

Name	Formula	Hardness	Luster
Quartz
Calcite

4. a. The two most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust and mantle are ______________ and ______________. b. Therefore, ______________ are the most abundant mineral class in these layers of the Earth.

5. Identify each of the minerals shown below.

________________ ________________ ________________

PART 2: (28 pts) Igneous Rocks

6. Next to the name of each igneous rock, write down its chief mineral constituents.

Gabbro: ______________ and ______________

Diorite: ______________ and ______________

Granite: ______________ and ______________

7. Next to the name of each igneous rock, write down its extrusive equivalent.

Gabbro: ______________

Diorite: ______________

Granite: ______________

8. The sample shown below is a dark color volcanic glass that cools down very fast.

_______________________

9. Name three processes that are responsible for partial melting in the mantle and thus the formation of magmas.

____________________; ____________________; ____________________

10. ______________ are concordant sheet-like intrusions and their boundaries lie parallel to the surrounding layers

PART3 Volcanoes : (30 pts)

11. Why does magma rise to higher levels once it is formed in the mantle?

12. Which of the following magma types is characterized by having higher silica content, higher water content and higher viscosity? Mafic (basaltic) or felsic (rhyolitic)?

b

13. Identify each of the volcanic samples shown below.

___________________ ___________________

14. The large crystals set in a groundmass or matrix of fine-grained minerals are called ___________________ and the texture is named ___________________.

15. Name two hypotheses that explain the mass extinction of dinosaurs.

___________________ and ___________________.

16. Hot ash and gasses in a glowing cloud that roll downhill at high speed are called ___________________.

17. A = ______________________; B = ______________________;

C = ______________________

18. When highly fluid basaltic lava erupts from fissures on continents, it can spread extensively. The rock type that forms this way is called ___________________.

19. ___________________ is a felsic volcanic rock that contains numerous vesicles and floats on water

20. When magma chamber empties and the overlying volcanic rocks collapse, a rounded depression larger than crater forms, called a ___________________.

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