PHILOSOPHY TIMED QUIZ

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QUESTION 1

1. In argument analysis, the remarks and comments that accompany but are not integral to an argument is known as ________.

		noise
		buzz
		music
		accompaniment

1 points

QUESTION 2

1. Convergent premises support a conclusion only when they are conjoined.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 3

1. Consider the argument below. Based on the legend below, which of the following is true?

· Either the butler or the gardner committed the murder. The Butler didn't commit the murder, so the gardner did.

		P1 and P2 link to support C
		P1 and P2 converge to support C.

1 points

QUESTION 4

1. Consider the following argument:

· Smoking should be subjected to increased state taxes because, first, such a tax would decrease smoking, and second, such a tax would increase state revenue.

The premises in this argument are linked.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 5

1. Consider the argument below. Based on the legend below, which of the following is true?

· P1: If something could be its own cause, it would have to exist prior to itself.

· P2: This is impossible.

· C: Nothing can be the cause of itself.

		P1 and P2 link to support C.
		P2 and C link to support P1.
		P1 and C converge to support P2.
		P1 and P2 converge to support C.

1 points

QUESTION 6

1. Based on the following passage, identify the error(s) in the diagram below.

Affirmative action in higher education is morally justifiable because it compensates for past discrimination, provides valuable role models for women and minorities, and promotes multicultural understanding.

Diagram:

· P1: Affirmative action compensates for past discrimination.

· P2: Affirmative action provides valuable role models for women and minorities.

· P3: Affirmative action promotes multicultural understanding.

· C: Affirmative action in higher education is morally justifiable.

P1+P2+P3

↓

		The premises should be convergent, not linked.
		P1 should be a sub-conclusion from P2 and P3.

1 points

QUESTION 7

1. Based on the following passage, identify the error(s) in the diagram below.

If a right to euthanasia is grounded in self-determination, it cannot reasonably be limited to the terminally ill. If people have a right to die, why must they wait until they are actually dying before they are permitted to exercise that right?

Diagram:

· P1: The right to euthanasia is grounded in self-determination.

· SC: If people have a right to die, why must they wait until they are actually dyingbefore they are permitted to exercise that right?

· C: The right to euthanasia cannot reasonably be limited to the terminally ill.

↓

		Nothing—The diagram is correct.
		The sub-conclusion—It is not a statement.
		P1 should be the main conclusion.
		SC should be the main conclusion.
		both B and C

1 points

QUESTION 8

1. Based on the legend below, which of the following is true?

· P1: Any person who can do logic is sane.

· P2: Your sons are not sane.

· SC: Your sons can’t do logic.

· P3: Anyone fit to serve on a jury must be able to do logic.

· C: Your sons are not fit to serve on a jury.

		P1 and P2 converge to support SC, and SC and P3 converge to support C.
		P1 and P2 converge to support SC, and SC and P3 link to support C.
		P1 and P2 link to support SC, and SC and P3 link to support C.

1 points

QUESTION 9

1. Consider an argument that involves two premises, P1 and P2, and the conclusion, C. If premises are linked, then the following arguments--

P1; therefore C

and

P2; therefore C

--should make sense.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 10

1. Consider this argument:

All cats are mammals, and all mammals are vertebrates, so all cats are mammals.

· P1: All cats are mammals.

· P2: All mammals are vertebrates.

· C: All cats are vertebrates.

The following diagram properly represents this argument:

P1+P2

↓

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 11

1. In principle, the number of sentences that humans can understand is unbounded.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 12

1. Context: Your friend gives you a ride to a campus event, and you have towork early the next morning. It’s getting late, and you say to your friend, "It’s getting late," and your friend responds, "OK, let’s get out of here." Your sentence—"It’s getting late"—literally means that you want to leave the event.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 13

1. Pick the best hidden premise(s) and/or hidden conclusion(s) to complete this argument. If today is Thursday, then Zoe is either at work or on the golf course. Therefore, Zoe is at work.

		Hidden premise: Zoe is on the golf course.
		Hidden premise: Today is not Thursday.
		Hidden premise: Today is Thursday and Zoe is not on the golf course.
		Hidden conclusion: Zoe is a dedicated employee.

1 points

QUESTION 14

1. Which of the following is NOT a principle of communication?

		Assume that every gesture is a speech act.
		Assume that a speech act is intelligible.
		Interpret a speech act in a way that is in keeping with the meaning of its explicit elements.
		Interpret a speech act in a way that fits the context in which it occurs.

1 points

QUESTION 15

1. Arguments are always fully explicitly expressed.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 16

1. Consider the following:

I think there is enough evidence to justify a reasonable conclusion. In the vast majority of cases that have been examined, wearing seat-belts has prevented injuries that would have resulted from automobile accidents. And these cases appear to vastly outnumber the relatively few case in which people have avoided injury because they were not wearing seat-belts and were thrown clear of a vehicle.

A reasonable sub-conclusion is the following: It is reasonable to believe that wearing a seatbelt is a good way to avoid injuries in automobile accidents.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 17

1. When diagramming an argument, if there appears to be a hidden premise that would need to be expressed as a controversial claim, it is best to leave it out of the diagram.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 18

1. Argument flags are part of the premises.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 19

1. Consider the following argument:

· We shouldn't legalize gay marriage because homosexuality is unnatural.

A reasonable hidden premise might be: What is unnatural is wrong.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 20

1. Side-by-side before-and-after photographs showing the results of a weight-loss program may serve directly as evidence for the effectiveness of that program.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 21

1. Identify the problem of language in the following statement: Jones killed the man with a gun.

		Vagueness
		Semantic ambiguity
		Syntactic ambiguity
		Emotional language
		Euphemism

1 points

QUESTION 22

1. Identify the problem of language in the following statement:

Anyone behaving immorally will be severely punished.

		Vagueness
		Semantic ambiguity
		Syntactic ambiguity

1 points

QUESTION 23

1. Identify the problem of language in the following argument: Laws can always be repealed by a government. The law of gravity is a law, so a government could repeal the law of gravity.

		Vagueness
		Syntactic ambiguity
		Euphemism
		Fallacy of equivocation

1 points

QUESTION 24

1. The following would be an example of an extensional definition:

The “nightshade” is a family of vegetables that includes the potato, the eggplant, the chili pepper plant, the tobacco plant, and the petunia.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 25

1. Suppose we were attempting to give an intensional definition for "triangle" with the method of genus and differentia. A plausible genus would be a closed shape and differentia would be 3-sided.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 26

1. What’s the problem with this definition? A cat is a cute animal.

		The rule of essential characteristics
		The rule of clarity
		The rule of neutrality

1 points

QUESTION 27

1. The presence of fire is a necessary condition for the presence of oxygen.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 28

1. Having four sides is a necessary condition for being a square.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 29

1. A circular definition—one that defines a word in terms of the word itself—is violating which of the rules for good definitions?

		The rule of essential characteristics
		The rule of equivalence
		The rule of clarity
		The rule of neutrality
		None of the above

1 points

QUESTION 30

1. What’s the problem with this definition? Terrorism is a method of war that consists in intentionally attacking those who ought not to be attacked.

		The rule of essential characteristics
		The rule of clarity
		The rule of neutrality

1 points

QUESTION 31

1. What is the status of the following were it a premise: Dinosaurs (real dinosaurs--like the t-rex--not their evolutionary descendants) currently exist in some areas of the world.

		Acceptable without further support
		Unacceptable
		Questionable
		None of the above

1 points

QUESTION 32

1. What best describes the sort of claim being made in the following statement?

Hummingbirds can fly backwards.

		Factual/descriptive claim
		Value judgement
		Exclamation
		Both a factual/descriptie claim and a value judgement
		None of the above

1 points

QUESTION 33

1. Which of the following could count as an authority for an appeal to authority?

		Professionals who are renowned in their fields
		Objective consumer advocacy groups
		Documentaries
		Reference books
		All of the above

1 points

QUESTION 34

1. Premises we have judged acceptable are not necessarily relevant.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 35

1. What is the problem with the following argument? Abortion is wrong because abortion is murder.

		The premises are inconsistent
		There is irresolvable ambiguity
		The argument begs the question
		Nothing, it's a strong argument

1 points

QUESTION 36

1. Washing D.C. is the capital of the US. Were this a premise, it would be:

		Acceptable because it's self evident
		Acceptable because it's common knowledge
		Acceptable because it's true by definition
		Acceptable because of expert testimony

1 points

QUESTION 37

1. The premise "The bill will soon be introduced to the House" is not relevant, in our sense, to the conclusion "The bill will become law."

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 38

1. The Bible must be the word of God because the Bible says that it is the word of God. This is a good example of the fallacy of equivocation.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 39

1. Consider the following:

1. Smoking probably causes cancer

2. Smoking certainly causes cancer

The sufficiency conditions is easier to satisfy for 1 than 2.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 40

1. If an inductive argument is strong--that is, if its premises are acceptable and if both the internal relevance and sufficiency conditions are satisfied--then the conclusion of that argument is established with absolute certainty.

True

False