ecology

Lab Report 4

Animal Tissues

Student Name:

Introduction

Define the following terms.

I. Epithelial Tissue

Define the following terms.

A. Simple Epithelium

EXERCISE 1 – Simple squamous epithelial tissue

Step 1:

· Simple squamous epithelial tissue is associated with what type of areas?

EXERCISE 2 – Simple cuboidal epithelial tissue

Step 1:

Examine the image of a cross section of kidney and identify the structures indicated.

EXERCISE 3 - Simple columnar epithelial tissue

Step 2:

· Describe the structure of these epithelial cells that line the intestine.

B. Stratified Squamous Epithelium

· Where is this tissue located?

EXERCISE 4 - Stratified squamous epithelial tissue

Step 2:

· What is the function of these cells?

EXERCISE 5 - Cheek cells

· What does stratified mean?

· Why are cheek swabs used for DNA analysis?

II. Connective Tissue

Define the following terms.

A. Connective Tissue Proper

EXERCISE 6- Loose connective tissue

Step 1:

· Which of the labeled structures is responsible for that quality?

EXERCISE 7 - Dense irregular connective tissue

· Where can this tissue be found?

EXERCISE 8 - Dense regular connective tissue

Step1:

· Why is the orientation of the fibers important for the function of the tissue?

· Which of the tissues would be found in ligaments and tendons?

· Which of the tissues supports most epithelial tissue and many organs?

B. Specialized Connective Tissue

1. Adipose Tissue

EXERCISE 9 - Adipose tissue

Step 1:

· Which letter indicates an area of adipose tissue?

2. Cartilage

EXERCISE 10 - Cartilage

Step 1:

Examine the image of hyaline cartilage and identify the labeled structures.

3. Bone

EXERCISE 11 - Compact bone

Step 1:

· Why is such an elaborate system of canals needed in bone more than in cartilage?

· Why is it necessary to have living cells within the osteon?

Step 2:

Observe the model of compact bone and identify the labeled structures.

4. Blood

Examine the image of a human blood smear and identify the labeled structures.

· Why is blood considered connective tissue?

III. Muscle Tissue

Define the following terms.

EXERCISE 12- Skeletal muscle

Step 1:

· What are the bands or stripes you see running perpendicular to the muscle fiber?

EXERCISE 13 - Smooth muscle

Step 1:

· In which organs would you find smooth muscle?

EXERCISE 14 - Cardiac muscle

Identify the three types of muscle depicted and label each.

IV. Nervous Tissue

Define the following terms.

EXERCISE 15 - Nervous tissue

Step 1:

· Where in the human body would you be most likely to find these cell bodies?

V. Skin

Define the following terms.

EXERCISE 16 - Skin

Step 1:

Examine the model of the skin and identify the labeled layers.

Summary Questions

Complete the following tables after referring to the various tissue types studied.

Give the term that matches the following:

1. Groups of cells that have the same structure and function.

2. Organs that work together to carry out a specific function.

3. A structure with a definite shape and function composed of more than one tissue.

4. Give an example of an organ.

5. Give an example of an organ system.

6. Name two fibers found in connective tissue that allow for flexibility, support, and elasticity.

7. Give an example of dense connective tissue.

Name the tissue described in statements 8-19.

8. A single layer of cells that is taller than they are wide.

9. Type of tissue whose functions include protection, absorption, and secretion.

10. Type of tissue used for energy storage and insulation; cells appear like signet rings.

11. Type of muscle that is striated, multinucleated, and voluntary.

12. Type of tissue that allows point to point communication in the body.

13. Type of connective tissue that has a jellylike and flexible matrix; found at the ends of bones, in the ear, and in the nose.

14. Type of involuntary muscle made up of elongated, spindle-shaped cells; found around many internal organs.

15. Type of striated muscle tissue that contains intercalated disks.

16. Type of tissue made up of a single layer of cube-shaped cells.

17. The category of tissue that has a matrix and fibers.

18. Type of tissue that lines your mouth.

19. Type of epithelial tissue that is more likely to be involved in absorption (simple or stratified).

20. Name the two main layers of skin and their major characteristics, including the tissues found in each layer.

21. What is the function of the keratin in the skin?

22. Name and describe the layer that separates the skin from other parts of the body. Which types of tissues are found in this layer?

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