Astronomy

Name____________________________________________________________________

Astronomy Packet 3

1) The major observational problem in the geocentric model was this type of motion

____________________________________. This could be described as a

______________________ Which appears to _____________ and then__________________

before ______________________. In order to resolve this complication Geocentric created

_________________ inside the previously designed orbits of the planets. The first scientist who

challenged this viewpoint was ____________________.This scientist championed the

______________________ model which placed the _______ at the center of the universe. He

defended his views in various ways in regards to the lack of a strong wind by stating

that__________________________________________________________________________

______________________. He also stated that the daily motion of the Sun, moon and stars

was caused by the ____________________________. He also stated that all the planets

_____________________ in the ______________________________but at

__________________________ with the closest planets traveling _____________________.

His greatest mistake was believing the ___________________. A scientist who shared many of

these ideas almost 2 centuries earlier was

___________________________________.Copernicus’s theory were mostly ignored due to

what reasons1) __________________________________ 2) ______________________ and

3)_________________________________________.

2) The invention of the ________ would revolutionize____________. The man credited with its

invention in Europe was _________________ a Dutch merchant. This invention was used by

what Italian astronomer to reexamine the heavens? ______________________.Using this tool

Galileo was able to see that the moon was not_______________ but was able to

see______________ and ____________________ as well what he thought were

_____________________but was actually ________________________________________.

When he viewed the planet __________________ he saw __ small objects _______________

around it. What he actually saw was the 4 __________________________________ now

known as ______, __________, __________, and _______________. He also looked at the

planet__________________ and was surprised to see it had_______________ which were in

actuality its ________. When he viewed the Sun he saw that it was not

____________________ but was covered in_________________ which we call

________________. He also observed that________ had ____________ just like our moon.

Deep in his journals Galileo mentions the movements of a faint star which we believe to be the

first recorded observation of the planet which we now call ______________________. All of

these observations put Galileo at odds with the __________ which charged him with

______________and eventually_______________________ him. This penalty was lifted until

________ by ___________________________.

3) At the same time as the above mentioned astronomer the great Dutch

observer______________ was making detailed observation of the movement’s of_______ as

well as the appearance of ___________ and________. He was a great observer but

unfortunately needed__________________ help from his assistant

_________________________ who differed from him in almost every way. Using

_______________ data for the planet _____________, ____________created his __ Laws of

Planetary Motion the 1 st

Law states that ________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________. The Second law states that _____________

______________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________-

While the 3 rd

states

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________.

4) The Great English astronomer and mathematician whose ideas unified the earth and heavens

was _____________________________________________ He created ___ laws of Motion and

___ Law of______________________________________. His 1 st

Law of Motion states that

______________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________.

While the 2 nd

Law is the familiar _____________________. Finally the third law

states_________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

His law of_______________ states that ____________ is a force that exists between any 2

objects with ____________separated by a ________. In his opinion gravity was

_____________; this was a critical flaw of his theory.

5) The Austrian Physicist who challenged Newton was named

________________________________________________. He began his work by studying the

behavior of __________ and was able to calculate it’s__________________ at approximately

_______________. This challenged _________________ as shown by the solar catastrophe

example. Explain this example ____________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________ . According to _____________ gravity is

just_____________ in the ________________________________ caused by any object with

________. The more ____________ the bigger the __________________. This theory is known

as the concept of ________________________________________________ An outgrowth of

this theory is concept of ________________________, which are created by

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

.

5) ________________________________ is one of the most recognizable modern Physicists.

His research is centered on the study of _____________________ which unify the fields of

________________ and _________________________. He was able to figure that

______________ are really______________ and actually _________________ energy in the

form of_________. This lead to an expansion of the concept of the

_________________________________ the other scientist whose observations helped develop

the __________________________ was __________________________. He observed

“__________________” when he discovered_________________________ which changed in

Luminosity. He used these to calculate the__________ to these and figured out they were

not”_____________” but actually______________________. As he studied these he realized

that distant ___________________ light was more __________________ in color/wavelength

thus the galaxies were moving____________ from us. This meant the universe was

____________________________________________