Final Project AND Community Self-Help Group Activity_ FOR KIM WOODS ONLY
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final_projec1.docxFinal Project—Conduct an In-Depth Literature Review
In Week 1, you were introduced to the final project. In Week 2, you submitted a tentative outline and purpose statement for the in-depth Literature Review.
An error-free document helps to convey your thoughts and intent more completely. Before submitting your paper, do the following:
· Check your document carefully with an eye for detail.
· Proofread your document carefully, making sure that there are no errors pertaining to: noun-verb agreement, pronouns, quotation marks, voice (active versus passive), sentence structure, and commas.
· Check the format, text, headings, running heads, citations, and endnotes for completeness and inclusion.
· Revise and rewrite your document before handing in your final draft. Include a brief one-page summary and reference list.
Our book: https://digitalbookshelf.southuniversity.edu/#/books/9781323109304/cfi/4[s1]/4
· Medical Sociology
· Thirteenth Edition
· William C. Cockerham
· University of Alabama at Birmingham
· (Cockerham i)
· Cockerham, William C. Medical Sociology, 13th Edition. Pearson Learning Solutions, 01/2015. VitalBook file.
BELOW ARE THE PREVIOUS ASSIGNMENTS THAT YOU HAVE DONE FOR ME
WEEK 1
Are Mental Health Issues Like Depression Related to Race?
While there is a plethora of research that has examined health disparities in chronic and infectious diseases,less research has examined the relationship between diseases and mental health. Depression in particular, can be a huge risk factor for illness and disease.
Studies suggest that blacks are more depressed than whites, given their increased exposure to race-related and generic stress (George & Lynch, 2003; Brown, 2003, p. 293).
Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Why? Are depressed moods and race related? State at least two studies that refute the statement. Justify your answers with appropriate research and reasoning.
Brown, T.N. (2003). Critical race theory speaks to the sociology of mental health: Mental health problems produced by racial stratification. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 44: 292–301. George, L.K., and Lynch M.S. (2003). Race differences in depressive symptoms: A dynamic perspective on stress and vulnerability. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 44, 353–69.
Developing Personal Wellness
Developing a personal health statement is a critical step in taking ownership of one’s personal wellness. Identifying personal risk factors and behaviors that lead to illness, disability, and injury help to define areas for health education, prevention, and promotion for an increased quality of life. Government agencies within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services assist individuals and community members by developing prevention policies, such as the creation of smoke-free cities to promote health and address objectives for healthier individuals, communities, workplaces, and schools.
What positive lessons can be learned about social illness prevention? What positive lessons and drawbacks can be learned about the development of health policy and individual lifestyle programs relating to personal choices? Justify your answers with appropriate research and reasoning.
WEEK 2
Health plays a major role in the functioning of society. Define the relationship between social behavior and health. Justify your answer using examples and reasoning.
· What are the social factors that play a critical role in improving health?
· What are the social factors that are the greatest threat to health?
· How can sociology help health practitioners better understand their patients and provide improved forms of health care?
Submit your answers in a three- to four-page Microsoft Word document.
WEEK 3
Epidemiology
Epidemiology is the study of how often diseases occur in different people and why they occur. Epidemiology can help us track diseases and find out when an outbreak is occurring or if a disease is decreasing due to a public health interventions.
Given the above information, what do you think is the role of the epidemiologist in data collection? What is John Snow’s (1854) influence on the foundation of modern epidemiology? What are the current 10 leading causes of death for all races/ethnicities? What, according to you, are the five most important human diseases associated with stress? Justify your answers with appropriate research and reasoning and comment on the postings of at least two peers as to whether you agree with their view on the diseases associated with stress.
Homeostasis—The Importance of Being in Balance
When many people think of homeostasis they think of their body being in balance or the flight or flight response. Homeostasis is the maintenance of physiological conditions required to maintain the life of the organism. Cannon (1932) has come up with some theories on homeostasis. What are Cannon’s (1932) theories on homeostasis? What is the World Health Organization's (WHO's) definition of engineering methods, also known as engineering controls?
There are five key engineering methods developed to reduce or eliminate the spread of infection and disease. How effective do you think these methods have been? Of these methods, which one has been the most effective and which one the least effective? Why? Justify your answers with appropriate research and reasoning and comment on the postings of at least two peers.
Cannon, W.B. (1932). The wisdom of the body. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
WEEK 4
Health behavior is the activity undertaken by a person who believes him or herself to be healthy for the purpose of preventing health problems (Kasl and Cobb, 1966). Healthy lifestyles, in turn, are ways of living that promote good health and longer life expectancy.
· How does a healthy lifestyle promote good health and a longer life expectancy? Justify your answer with examples and reasoning.
· Suggest and then briefly explain two theories that support this viewpoint.
· What are the various activities involved in maintaining a healthy lifestyle?
The work of Weber and Bourdieu contributed to a model of health lifestyle formulated by Cockerham.
· What are the various components of this model?
· How effective is this model in the study of healthy behavior and a healthy lifestyle in the present day?
WEEK 5
Sick Role Model
When a person becomes sick, he or she may demonstrate a variety of behaviors. Some people like to be left alone while others may seek assistance. Some people will act well even when they are sick. They may even feel guilty for not being able to do their work or take responsibilities.
What are the four aspects of the sick role model (Parsons 1951)? According to Parsons, medicine is an institution for the social control of deviant behavior. Do you agree or disagree with this view? Why or why not?
What is the patient-physician relationship according to Cockerham? Which two sociological examples of the sick role, as evidenced by existing research, do you think are most appropriate? Justify your answers with appropriate research and reasoning.
Parsons, T. (1951). The social system. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press.
Complementary and Alternative medicine (CAM) —An analysis
“CAM therapies have been in existence for hundreds of years. While many of these therapies are commonly used in non-Western societies their popularity is increasing steadily. In fact, large numbers of American consumers are using CAM currently in an effort to pre-empt disease and disability or to promote health and a sense of well-being.”
(Source: Kirschstein, R. I., Acting Director, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, AMSA, 2008.)
How effective do you think CAM is in comparison to clinical treatment and diagnosis? Justify your answer. Identify and discuss at least 10 types of treatments offered by CAM practitioners. Analyze and present at least one case that shows the positive effect of CAM and one that shows the negative effect. What is the National Institutes of Health’s (NIH) role in CAM research? Justify your answers with appropriate research and reasoning and comment on the postings of at least two peers.
WEEK 6
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Article for reference:
Chong, O. (2006). An integrative approach to addressing clinical issues in complementary and alternative medicine in an Outpatient Oncology Center. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 10(1), 83–89.
Critique the Chong article and prepare an APA style–referenced four to five-page response to the following questions:
· Summarize in your own words the National Institutes of Health (NIH) definition of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM).
· Provide reasons for nondisclosure of CAM use among patients.
· What are the reasons for using CAM among patients? Justify your answer using examples and reasoning.
· What is the role of the clinical nurse practitioner?
· Review at least one additional scholarly research article that supports or refutes the claims made in the Chong article.
· Compare and contrast the results discussed in each article.
WEEK 7
The Importance of Physician-Patient Communication
Patient and physician communication is the key to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. For many patients, talking to a physician can be an intimidating process. Effective communication can be reduced by the limited time that patients often have to express their health concerns with their health provider.
Explain how miscommunication in physician-patient interaction might impact recovery of a patient. Justify your answer.
According to you, which are the two most critical examples of miscommunication between physicians and female patients according to Sue Fisher (1984)? What are Eric Cassell’s (1985) criteria for effective communication? Justify your answers with appropriate research and reasoning.
Cassell, E.J. (1985). Talking with patients, Vol. 2. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Fisher, S. (1984). Doctor–patient communication: A social and micro-political Performance. Sociology of Health and Illness, 6, 1–27.
Managed Care
Managed care is designed to help control health care costs. It regulates the costs of health care by capping the costs of certain procedures. Docs in a box are clinics that can rapidly see patients for lower costs.
What do you understand by the term “managed care”? What is the influence of managed care in regulating the medical profession?
Describe the term “Docs-in-a-Box” and its relation to cost containment and managed care. Justify your answers with appropriate research and reasoning.
WEEK 8
Health Profession Assignment
Identify at least one alternate health profession, such as PA-C, and a related professional organization, such as the American Academy of Physician Assistants.
Prepare a PowerPoint presentation that answers the following:
· What is your interest in this profession?
· What are your goals regarding this profession? Describe the plans you have made towards this goal in the past year.
· What is the growth trend for this profession, especially as there is a continuing shortage of medical professionals in the U.S.?
In addition, your presentation should address the following:
· What was Florence Nightingale's role in establishing nursing as a formal occupation?
· Compare and contrast the types of nursing programs described in Cockerham (2007) to the available nursing programs listed on the All Nursing Schools Web site.
Write additional information in the Notes section of the PowerPoint presentation.
WEEK 9
The US Healthcare System Compared to Other Countries
The U.S. healthcare system is like no other industrialized country. The U.S. spends more money on health care than any other country yet is criticized for having one of the poorer health systems.
Some countries, such as Canada, Great Britain, and Sweden, follow a socialized system of health care, while others, such as Japan, Germany, and France, have decentralized national health programs.
Both systems have their advantages and disadvantages.
If you had to decide on one health care system for the U.S., which system would you choose and why?
Which three areas of the current U.S. health care system would you add to the system you have chosen for the U.S.? Explain why.
Justify your answers with appropriate research and reasoning.
Disparities in Health Care Distribution
It is estimated that over 46 million people do not have health insurance coverage in the United States. In addition, many more individuals are underinsured or have such high deductibles and co-pays that they do not even seek medical care. Given this information, the logical question that arises is, should health care coverage be provided to everyone?
“Moreover, Is health care a right or a privilege?” is one of the most debatable topics. What is your viewpoint? Support your answer with examples. There is an unequal distribution of health care system efforts in the U.S. Why do you think this is so, and what can be done about it? Justify your answers with appropriate research and reasoning and comment on the postings of at least two peers regarding why there is an unequal distribution of health care system efforts.
