Write a 5 page essay about Africa history
vera233
westafricato1870.pptxWest Africa to 1870 Introduction: society, trends, themes Empires & States: Ghana, Mali, Songhai; Kanem-Bornu, Hausa States, etc Civilization: political, economic, social, religion
Compare Trans-Saharan Slave Trade to Trans-Atlantic Trade
Racial, chattel, permanence, religious impact, etc
Campaign against Trans-Atlantic slavery:
Reasons: economic, new group of thinkers, abolitionists (e.g Olaudah Equiano- Nigerian & Ottobah Cugoano- Ghana-Ghana, etc), humanitarians (Wilberforce, Granville Sharp, Thomas Clarkson, etc)
African attitudes to abolition: support & opposition, why
Establishment of Sierra Leone & Liberia
Granville sharp at forefront of Sierra Leone community, 1787- first party of 411 left GB for West Africa, Maroons
Liberia: American Colonization Society, explain,
European Exploration of Africa: contextualize
British exploration & activities: 1788- African Association formed, purpose; 1795-7, Mungo Park, a Scottish doctor, reached the Niger at Segu; 1805-6, Park & crew returned but did not reach destination, drowned in the rapids near Bussa
1822-5: Denham, Clapperton, & Oudney, three British officers explored the Central Sudan
1830: Richard & John Lander (two brothers) solved the Niger mystery, by sailing from Buss to the mouth of the delta
French penetration, explain & contextualize; Rene Caillie travelled from west coast to Timbuktu, and crossed the Sahara to Morocco in 1827-9
G. Mollien arrived at the sources of the Gambia in 1818
French built forts to control coastal areas of Senegal; 1854- Lord Faiherbe was appointed governor and protected French traders, turned Senegal into a base of further French penetration into the rest of Africa
Dr. William Baike, a Scottish surgeon, led a GB expedition up the lower Niger and the Benue in 1854. He used quinine to cure his men of malaria, and this paved the way for further penetration into the interior.
Implications of European exploration
African resistance to exploration, hostility, etc
Implications of exploration
Coming of European Missionaries
From 1780 and beyond groups of European missionaries moved into Africa: Protestants, Catholics, Baptists, etc. Part of reason given was to abolish slavery
Many groups from major European nations: Baptist Missionary Society, London Missionary Society, Glasgow Missionary Society, Church Missionary Society, etc
Missionaries concentrated on the coast: fear of malaria; hostility of African chiefs in the interior, constant problems between indigenous and missionaries. Missionaries preached against African values, e.g. body tattooing, worship of various gods, human sacrifice, etc
Jihads of the Western Sudan
