Money and Banking problem set
year 1 year 2 year 3 sum ? ? ?
1 10000 2500 2000 14500
2 1000 4000 11000 16000
3 5000 5000 5000 15000
Borrower/Spender Saver/Lender
Student Federal Government
Homeowner Bank
Driver Dealer/Bank
Poor Sap Mom&Pop/ large corp
Entrepreneur Bank/Investor
Corporation Corp/retirement saver/foreign governments
Governments Federal reserve
Consumer Bank
Bank Federal reserve
Bank bank
Bank Depositor
Geovernment retirement/bank/corporation/foreign governments
Types of Loans
Simple/discount
$1000 $1000+$100
|____________________________________________________________|
Fixed Payment Loan
$1000 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200
|_________|_________|_________|_________|_________|_________|
Coupon Bond
principal Interest interest interest interest interest int + Principal
$1000 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100+$1000
|_________|_________|_________|_________|_________|_________|
Present Value
“discounting the future”
Simple Loan
$1000
10% interest
$1100 = $1000 principal + $100 interest
$1100 = $1000 + $1000(10%)
$1100 = $1000 + $1000(0.10)
$1100 = $1000(1 + 0.10)
Future Value = Present Value (1+interest rate)
FV = PV (1+i)
PV = FV/(1+i)
PV = 100 / 1.05
PV = 95.24
PV = 100 / 1.03
PV = 97.09
Lend for a second year
$1210 = $1100 principal + $110 interest
$1210 = $1100 + $1100(10%)
$1210 = $1100 + $1100(0.10)
$1210 = $1100(1 + 0.10)
$1210 = [$1000(1 + 0.10)](1 + 0.10)
$1210 = $1000(1 + 0.10)(1 + 0.10)
$1210 = $1000(1 + 0.10) 2
FV = PV (1+i) 2
PV = FV / (1+i) 2
Present Value Formula
PV = FV / (1+i) n
Coupon Bond
$1000
3‐year
10% coupon
principal Interest interest interest int + Principal
$1000 $100 $100 $100+$1000
|_________|_________|_________|
PV = $100/(1+0.10) 1 + $100/(1+0.10)
2 + $1100/(1+0.10)
3 +
PV = $90.91 + $84.64 + $826.45
PV = $1000
PV = FV if discount rate = coupon rate
Continuous Compounding
PV = FV / (e) ni
Perpetuity = a coupon bond with no maturity
PV = C/(1+i) 1 + C/(1+i)
2 + C/(1+i)
3 +…+ C/(1+i)
n + …
PV = C/i
Coupon bond
3‐year
10% coupon
Market interest rate 11%
PV = $100/(1+0.11) 1 + $100/(1+0.11)
2 + $1100/(1+0.11)
3 +
PV = $90.09 + $81.16 + 804.31
PV = $975.56
PV = FV / (I+i)
PV = 100 / (1+0.05)
PV = 100 / 1.05
PV = 95.24
PV = FV / (1+i)
PV = 100 / 1.03
PV = 97.09
FV = $1000
2‐year discount bond
PV = $950
950 = 1000 / (1+i) 2
(1+i) 2 = 1000 / 950
i = 2.6%
‐‐ ‐‐ 2.6% per year‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ 5.2% total ‐‐ ‐‐
$950 $1000
|_________|_________|
After 1 year you decide to sell, but interest rate is 1%
FV = $1000
I = 1%
1 year left
PV = 1000/1. 01 = $990.10
What about you?
Purchased for $950
Sold for $990.10
What is your return?
$950 = $990.10/(1+i)
(1+i) = $990.10/$950
1+i = 1.042
i = 0.042 = 4.2%
‐‐ ‐‐ 2.6% per year‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ 5.2% total ‐‐ ‐‐
$950 $990.10 $1000
|_________|_________|
4.2% 1%
Rate general
Return when calculating i
Coupon rate rate used to calculate interest coupons on coupon bond
Yield when calculating i in in bond
Yield to maturity interest rate you will receive if you hold the bond to maturity
- bonds 1-1 Notebook.pdf
- slides 1-1 Bonds
- temp
- bonds 1-1 exel
- bonds 1-1 word
- bonds 1-1 Notebook