for prof.goodman

The summary will re-present the argument of the entire text. The text to summarize is “stop googling. Let’s talk” by sherry turkle.

Read carefully 2 ~3 times and organize information before you writing.

Consider what is important information? What does not goes in?

1.5 ~ 2pages

“Do not use original sentence. Use paraphrase for the sentence. If you use original more than 4 wards, it goes to plagiarism.”

Don’t need to make references.

This is summary. Not an essay.

1. The reader for the summary is someone who has not read the original text.

2. The summary consists only of the original author’s ideas and information and of other

people discussed in the source. It is important to avoid using any word or words that

indicate, or even suggest, your opinion.

3. Therefore, it must at all times be clear to the reader that the information and ideas are

those of the author and not your own. In other words, you must attribute the

information or idea to the author. To do so, it is necessary to use attributive language

whenever the topic shifts (even slightly)—that is, whenever it is possible that, without

attributive language, the reader could think that the text is expressing your ideas or that the

information could have come from another source. This is called citing your source.

4. a. The first time you cite the author in a summary, you use the full name. This is also true

when you cite another person that the author cites.

b. Thereafter, you use either the author’s last (family) name or a pronoun (she, he,

or they). This may be referred to as “summary reminders.”

5. Citing is easy to do once you learn how. Essentially, it is no different from any piece of

academic writing that involves the use of sources.

* In our case -- “Stop Googling. Let’s Talk” by Sherry Turkle (a woman.)

* The first sentence of the summary will contain the first citation (or attribution):

Sherry Turkle, in “Stop Googling. Let’s Talk.” explores how the use of cellphones while with others is influencing the depth of conversations with them.

(Note: The actual first sentence will be created by us in class together.)

* Thereafter, attribution (in this case, either “Turkle” or “she”) is needed whenever a

new idea or topic is introduced. For example, the sentence following the first

sentence above might read:

Turkle begins by relating how many college students try to hide the fact that their focus is divided.

* Because much of this article involves Turkle reporting what others say or research, it is

necessary to keep clear who is saying any particular thing. In other words when Turkle

herself is saying something, and when she is reporting what someone else says:

Turkle cites research from psychologist Timothy D. Wilson of the University of Virginia, which asked students to sit alone thinking quietly for about five to fifteen minutes.

* Sometimes, attribution is not needed because you are continuing an idea and it is

clear who the source is. Continuing the example from above:

The results show that many students are basically afraid of unplugged solitude, and would rather experience physical pain.

Attribution is not needed here because “The results show” clearly ties the information to the

“research” in the previous sentence. However, you will rarely go more than two or three

sentences without some type of “reminder” of who the source is.

* Attribution is also needed when continuing a point but shifting to a second subpoint.

* Attribution is needed even when you do not include someone’s name. If you would only include the person’s name once, you probably do not need to include it at all. For example, instead of discussing Sara Konrath (page 2,) in which case we would need to also include her credentials (what she does, where she teaches, etc.,) we can simply write:

According to Turkle, one psychologist viewed 72 studies and concludes that college students are 40% less empathetic than 30 years ago.

Remember : Whenever there is a shift in topic from what a study consisted of to the significance or meaning of the results, citation is required. If there is no citation, then it means that it is your idea. This lack of citation constitutes an instance of plagiarism.

Important note: In this article, Turkle often uses “I” and “you” and “we”. While this is acceptable in her essay, it is not used in academic writing, including summaries. For example, Turkle’s line on page 4: “When we are secure in ourselves, we are able to really hear what other people have to say,” when summarized might become: Turkle believes that people listen best when they feel secure.

Another important note: The intent of this handout is to demonstrate how to do attribution and summary reminders in a summary. Some specific lines are paraphrased to demonstrate this skill. As you know, however, for this assignment most portions of the article will be broadly summarized rather than specifically paraphrased.