study guide need by tomorrow afternoon

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EHST 3700/3701:

Industrial Hygiene

 To define industrial hygienist and industrial hygiene

 To identify responsibilities of an industrial hygienist

 To identify areas of applied science that are used in industrial hygiene practice

 To identify persons who have made significant contributions to industrial hygiene in the past

 To discuss the 3 elements of industrial hygiene

 To list the 3 basic control strategies for health hazards

 To describe the key elements of an IH program

 Definition of industrial hygiene

 Responsibilities of an industrial hygienist

 Contributors to industrial hygiene

 Industrial hygiene as a recognized

profession

 Elements of an industrial hygiene program

1. Recognition

2. Evaluation

3. Control

 Identification of health problems that are

created or exist in a workplace

 Anticipation: recognizing the potential for

hazards to develop, rather than seeing the

hazards after they occur

Identification of workplace health

hazards

 Physical

 Chemical

 Biological

 Ergonomic

Occupational

Disease

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 Noise

 Vibration

 Illumination

 Extreme temperature

 Extreme pressure

 Radiation

Different types of energy which

may be hazardous to workers

Liquid

Gases

Vapors

Particulates

 Dust

 Mists

 Fumes

 Smoke

 Microorganisms

 Bacteria

 Virus

 Fungi

 Parasites

 Insects

 Organic aerosols

 Plants

 Animals

 Ergonomic Hazards

 Repetitive motion

 Forceful motion

 Awkward posture

 Static posture

Existence of occupational

hazards

Risk to acquire disease

caused by the hazard

 Hazard – inherent potency to cause harm

to a person

 Risk – probability of being exposed to a

hazard

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 Determine the magnitude or extent of the

health hazards

 Usually accomplished through

 Observations

 Quantitative measurement of hazards of

concern

 Experience and knowledge of the IH

 Aimed at eliminating existing problems and

preventing potential hazards from developing

 Hierarchy of control strategies

 Engineering controls

 Administrative controls

 Personal protective equipment (PPE)

 Aim: To engineer out the hazard

 Examples

 Changing the process to prevent worker

exposure to a chemical

 Substitution with a non-hazardous or

less-hazardous material

 Elimination

 Substitution

 Automation

 Isolation

 Enclosure

 Ventilation

Use of Enclosures

 Aim: To reduce the number of people who

are exposed

 Example:

 Worker rotation

 Implementation of procedures

 Work area access restrictions

Safe Work Practices

 Aim: To provide proper work clothing and/ or

protective equipment to reduce worker

exposure to hazards when other means for

reducing exposure have been employed to

the extent possible

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 Industrial hygiene program

 Wellness/ fitness programs

 Substance abuse prevention and treatment

 Periodic medical examinations

 Routine screening for health problems

 Source of information for the physician and

nurse regarding employee’s working

conditions

 Possible causes of the employee’s

symptoms

 Possible factors contributing to the

employee’s symptoms

 Source of information for an effective

medical surveillance program

 Periodic hearing tests to detect noise-induced

hearing loss

 Chest x-ray and lung capacity measurements to

detect scarring of the lungs due to asbestos

exposure

1. Anticipation/ recognition of health hazards

2. Evaluation of health hazards

3. Control of health hazards

4. Recordkeeping

5. Employee training

6. Periodic program review, changes, and

updates

 A written plan that

 Clearly assigns roles and

responsibilities

 Describes the methods that will

be used in meeting its stated

goals and requirements

 Provides for accurate and

detailed recordkeeping and

records retention

 Assures that employees will

receive benefit of the program

through education and training

Industrial Hygiene Program

A preliminary survey

(i.e. observational

survey) involves a

walking tour of the

workplace

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 Become familiar with the plant processes

 Identify process chemicals and materials

 Observe worker activities

 Identify and examine existing controls of

employee exposures

 Plan for more detailed follow-up

 Benefits include:

 Obtaining an overview of the whole

operation

 Identifying the key hazards in each area

 Assessing the effectiveness of any

control methods in place

Remain under

control Identified and

evaluated

Protect worker

health

 Recognition “Tips”

 Perception of odor

 Eye or skin irritation on walk-through

 Visible dust clouds/ fumes

 Poor housekeeping (i.e. chemical spills

and drips)

 Containers without covers

 Recognition “Tips”

 Worker comments and observations

Complaints (e.g. low back pain)

Raised voice to communicate

Sweating, minimum clothing

Soiled workers’ clothes (covered with

dust, chemicals)

 Sample Checklist

 Plant Layout

 Operation

 Raw materials/ waste and finished products

 Machines

 Workers

 Sanitary Facilities

 Safety Facilities

 Housekeeping and Maintenance

 Health Hazards

 Existing Control Measures

 OH Programs and Personnel

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 Survey documentation

 Identified hazards

 Recommended evaluation

 Recommended control actions

 Follow-ups to assure control implementation

Industrial Hygiene Program

 Employee complaints

 Request of workers or management

concerned about potential health hazard

Assures provision of

health and safety

features in the process

Requiring

retrofitted features

 Delay in startup

 Addition of significant

cost

• New processes

• Proposed changes to existing processes

 Discussion with engineers during the initial

planning stages

 Review of design specifications, blueprints and

process flow

 Review of safety data sheets (SDS) for chemicals

used in the process

 Visits to the production facility to examine process

machinery prior to shipment to plant

 Final check of equipment once installed

 Follow-up during the initial weeks of production

 Any new or modified process added to the

schedule of periodic walk-through surveys

 An instrument that visualizes and

analyzes the various systems and

procedures within a process

 Diagram commonly used in engineering to

indicate the general flow of plant

processes and equipment

Raw

materials Processes

Finished

products

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Rubber Manufacturing Process

Rubber stock

Carbon black

Chemical additives

RAW MATERIALS

Compounding

and Mixing

Dust, fume,

mist, noise

BANBURY

MIXER

Roll milling

Sheets

Dust, fume, mist,

noise, gas, vapor

Dust

Anti-tack

slurry

 Identity information

 Physical and chemical properties

 Composition

 Primary routes of entry

 Health and safety hazards

 Occupational exposure limits

 Toxicological data

 Carcinogenicity

 Precautions for safe handling and use

 Control measures

 Emergency and first aid procedures

 Date of preparation or last change to SDS

 Name, address and telephone number of a responsible party

Occupational Process Health Hazard

Woodworking Noise, dust

Spray painting Noise, vapor, dust,

mist

Quarrying Noise, dust, heat

Welding Gas, fume, dust, non-

ionizing radiation

 Occupational Processes and Some Recognized

Health Hazards

 Accomplished through obtaining objective

data on the level of hazards present

 Done through the use of measurement

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Health Hazard / Environmental Factor

Examples of Instruments Units

1. Temperature Thermometer °C, °F

2. Humidity Psychrometer % R.H.

3. Pressure Barometer mm

4. Illumination Light meter / lux meter Footcandle, lux

5. Noise Sound level meter Decibel (dB)

6. Particulate matter Air sampling pump, flow meter, filter

mg/m3

7. Gases and vapors Air sampling pump, flow meter, collection media; Detector tubes

ppm, mg/m3

8. Ventilation Anemometer; Kata thermometer

fpm, m/s

Thermoanemometer Heat Stress Monitor Air Sampling Pump

Psychrometer Lux meter Sound level meter

 Data used to assess the risk posed to

employees by the hazard

 Instruments maintained and calibrated

 Method used for gathering and evaluation

 Toxic properties of health hazard

 Level of exposure to hazard

 Duration of exposure

 Sources of Sampling Methods

 Occupational Safety and Health

Administration (OSHA)

 National Institute for Occupational Safety

and Health (NIOSH)

http://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/toc.html http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-154/

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http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-154/pdfs/2549.pdf  The measurement data will be compared

with existing occupational exposure limits

(OELs):

 Threshold Limit Values (TLVs)

 Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)

 Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs)

 Maximum Allowable Concentrations

(MACs)

 Recordkeeping

 Exposure evaluation

 Monitoring methods

 Instrumentation calibration and readings

 Laboratory results

 Workplace observations

 Recommendations for control measures

 Maintained for 30 years Industrial Hygiene Program

 Hierarchy of Control Strategies

 Engineering control

 Administrative control

 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

 Requirement by regulations

 Source of info for trending exposures, and

identifying and evaluation workplace hazards

 Used for developing and defending an

exposure monitoring strategy

 Legal document to defend an allegation

 Proof of exposure relative to a regulatory

limit

 29 CFR 1910.20

 “Access to Employee Exposure Medical

Records”

 “Employee Exposure Record”

 MSDS indicating hazardous material

 Calibration records

 Sampling methodology

 Calculations

 Other background data

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 Required in hazard communication program

for employees working with hazardous

materials

 To familiarize workers with process changes

 To train how to operate engineering controls

 To train how to wear personal protective

equipment

 Training methods

 Films and videos

 Workbooks

 Handouts

 Overhead slides

 Group discussions

 Short talks

 Hands-on training

 The primary mission of an industrial hygienist is described

as the anticipation, recognition, evaluation and control of

health hazards.

 Control strategies are engineering controls,

administrative controls, and personal protective

equipment.

 Health hazards are identified and quantified using

sampling and measurement techniques that involve the

use of specialized equipment.

 Measured levels are compared against allowable limits.

 Appropriate controls are recommended by the industrial

hygienist for implementation.

 A written industrial hygiene program provides guidance

and structure for ensuring protection of worker health

and meeting regulatory requirements.