Essay questions
youvis1201
the_first_globalization.pptxThe First Globalization
History 015
The First Globalization
1. Stumbling on the Americas by Columbus –1492
2. Cortez conquered Mexico-Aztecs-1519 to 1521
3. Pizarro conquered Peru-Incas 1932-33
A. Silver to run world trading empire from Potosi Mines
B. Silver was used to finally trade with China
The First Globalization
4. The Great Dying
A.Mexico
1) 1519 25 million
2) 1569 2.7 million
3) 1619 750,000 people
B. 90% of the Indigenous peoples were killed in the first 100 years of conquest.
The First Globalization
5. Labor Shortage
A. White labor couldn’t do it
B. No Moors or Jews
C. Depopulated Kingdom of Kongo
The First Globalization
6. Las Casas starts African Slave trade
In 1511 La Casas approached the King of Spain with the idea that the labor of one “Negro” was more valuable than that of four Indians.
The First Globalization
7. The Atlantic Slave trade.
A. History of Hispaniola written in the early 1600’s stated :
There are so many Blacks in this island, as a result of the sugar factories, that the land seems an effigy or an image of Ethiopia (Greek for Africa) itself.
1492—1,130,000 Indians
1518—11,000
The First Globalization
8. Why African?????
A. Knowledge of technology of tropical agriculture
B. Africans and Europeans had immunity to many of the same diseases.
C. Close proximity of Europe and Africa.
D. Based on race-
Easy to tell who is and who isn’t a slave.
Slave Trade Routes
Columbus
Columbus was searching for India
Indigenous peoples today are “Indians”
Still a medieval crusader—God, Christian God, deserved all the riches of the New World
Columbus
According to Columbus—much gold in the Caribbean Islands.
End not beginning of gold in this region
Columbus wrote in his journal
The Indian peoples would be good servants and intelligent.
He brought a few “Indians” back to Spain as curiosities
Potosi Silver Mine
Silver in Peru was to be the important metal
The Spanish Conquest
“First the Spanish conquistadors fell on their knees and then they fell on the aborigines.”
The Americas
Small Pox—1518 to 1600 17 epidemics
From Modern Argentina to Texas and the Carolinas
The Americas
Indigenous peoples were forced to do slave labor
Due to illness and hard labor fertility rate was low
The Americas
Repartimiento system—
forced all Indigenous
peoples into small towns
so they could feed
and clothe the Spanish.
The Great Dying—Spanish Drawing
The Americas
Also the Indigenous peoples
were enslaved and punished.
The Americas
The Catholic Church decided that the Indigenous population had souls and therefore could not be enslaved.
The Americas-Encomienda System
Means “entrust”
Supposedly humane approach to Indian labor
Indigenous Americans and Slavery
Conquistadors-Indians for labor
Pope - treat them well and convert them to Christianity
Here Comes Las Casas
Las Casas, a Catholic priest preached again the encomiendas and was appointed by the Spanish government as
the “Protector
of Indians.” He
then declared war
on the encomiendas.
Papal Bull
Because of La Casas a 1537 a papal bull defined and proclaimed that
“Indians or any other people discovered by Catholics must in no way be deprived of their liberty or possessions and enslaved. And if enslaved—their slavery was now null and void.”
Pizzaro
Pizzaro conquered the Incas.
His as well as other colonials
were outraged by
the new laws.
Pizarro said,
I have come to take
their gold not to
civilize them.”
Colonialists’ Opinions
La Casas refused to sacrifice the welfare of the Indians to the greed of the Spaniards
But Las Casas consented to sacrifice the African to the preservation of the Indians.
Labor in America
At first used convict white labor to settle the colonies and fight against the indigenous populations.
The Spanish crown forbade using “Moors”, Jews or anyone not a Christian as slaves.
In 1501 Spain only used converted African slaves—Kingdom of Kongo
African slaves
In 1511 La Casas
approached the King of Spain
with the idea that the labor
of one “Negro” was more
valuable than that
of four Indians.
African Slaves
The sugar planters and the Indians
came to terms
–Save the Indigenous
peoples and enslave the Africans.
Why Africans
1. Knowledge of technology of tropical agriculture
Why Africans
2. Africans and Europeans had immunity to many of the same diseases.
Close proximity of Europe and
Africa.
Why Africans
Easy to tell who is and who isn’t a slave.
African slaves
Every 4 years they wiped out an entire slave population and until slaves became more expensive—too overworked to reproduce.
African Slaves
Transformed the history of the Caribbean Islands.
History of Hispaniola written in the early 1600’s stated :
There are so many Blacks in this island, as a result of the sugar factories, that the land seems an effigy or an image of Ethiopia itself.
1492—1,130,000 Indians
1518—11,000
Africa
Why was Europe able to take African slaves?
The Major empires of the Hausa, Mali, Songhai in the Western Savanna regions of Africa had lost much of their power as trade moved from the Trans Saharan trade to the Ocean trade.
Africa
2. Portuguese circumvented the continent
Africa
3. Real need for labor in the Americas
Slave Coast, European Map
Slave Routes
Slave Caravan
