Essay questions
youvis1201
chap_14--asia_1.pptxAsia-Chapter 14
History 015
New Vocabulary
1. Qing dynasty (1644–1912)-pronounced ChingChinese rulers for almost 300 years.
2. Zunghar Mongol state—in what it today inner and outer Mongolia
3. Uighur People—Chinese Muslims of Turkic background.
4. jizya—protection tax paid by non-Muslims to a Muslim government—allowed to practice their own traditions.
New Vocabulary
5. devshirme—system where young boys, usually Christian, were recruited and educated to be important in the army and the bureaucracy.
Asian Empires
Asian empires were regional, not global.
1.creation of Asian empires did not include massive epidemics
2.did not fundamentally transform their homelands like interaction with the Americas a did for European powers
Asia 1500
Making China an Empire
1.Qing dynasty (1644–1912) launched enormous imperial expansion to the north and west
2.nomads of the north and west were very familiar to the Chinese
a.80-year-long Chinese conquest (1680–1760)
b.motivated by security fears; reaction to Zunghar Mongol state
Mongol State
Making China an empire
3. China evolved into a Central Asian empire
4.conquered territory was ruled separately from the rest of China through the Court of Colonial Affairs
a.considerable use of local elites to govern
Uighur People
Conquered the
Uighur People—Turkic.
Muslim-controlled
silk trade.
Making China an empire
Indirect Rule
b. officials often imitated Chinese ways
c. but government did not try to assimilate conquered peoples
d. little Chinese settlement in the conquered regions
Asia 1500
Russia and China In Central Asia
Key Points:
China-Indirect rule
Did not transfer diseases like in the Americas
Chinese rule impoverished Central Asia, turned it into a backward region
Mughal Empire
Muslims and Hindus in the Mughal Empire
1.Mughals united much of India between 1526 and 1707
2.the Mughal Empire’s most important divide was religious
Mughal Empire
Mughal Empire
3. Emperor Akbar (r. 1556–1605) attempted serious accommodation of the Hindu majority
a.brought many Hindus into the political-military elite
b.imposed a policy of toleration
Mughal Empire
c.abolished payment of jizya by non-Muslims
d.created a state cult that stressed loyalty to the emperor
e.Akbar and his successors encouraged a hybrid Indian-Persian-Turkic culture
Mughal Empire
Mughal toleration provoked reaction among some Muslims
a.Emperor Aurangzeb (r. 1658–1707) reversed Mughal policy, tried to impose Islamic supremacy
b.Aurangzeb banned sati (widow burning), music, and dance at court, various vices
Mughal Empire
c. destruction of some Hindu temples
d.reimposition of jizya
Aurangzeb’s policy provoked Hindu reaction
Weakened empire
The Ottomans
Muslims, Christians, and the Ottoman Empire
1.the Ottoman Empire was the Islamic world’s most important empire in the early modern period
Sulieman
Muslims, Christians, and the Ottoman Empire
3. site of a significant cross-cultural encounter
a.in Anatolia, most of the conquered Christians converted to Islam
b. in the Balkans, Christian subjects mostly remained Christian
Ottomans
in the Balkans, many Christians welcomed Ottoman conquest
a.Ottoman taxed less and were less oppressive
b.Christian churches received considerable autonomy
c.Balkan elites were accepted among the Ottoman elite without conversion
Ottomans
5. Jewish refugees from Spain had more opportunities in the Ottoman Empire
A. Spanish Inquisition
