Literature Review

Dundon, W. D., & Pettinati, H. M. (2011). Comorbid depression and alcohol

dependence: New approaches to dual therapy challenges and progress.(SPECIAL REPORT: SUBSTANCE ABUSE: ADDICTION & RECOVERY). Psychiatric Times, 28(6), 49.

Dundon & Pettinati, (2011), bring attention to the need for more research on dual diagnosis. Patients that present with one disorder may have others that are underlying and require just as much attention. There is a need for further studies to aid in the treatment of these individuals as well as having the ability to help the therapist that is treating them. There is evidence to support all of the findings that there is a need in the addictions community for this study and future studies.

Hicks, B. M., Iacono, W. G., & McGue, M. (2012). Index of the transmissible common

liability to addiction: Heritability and prospective associations with substance abuse and related outcomes. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 123 Suppl 1, S18-S23.

This is a study on substance use disorders (SUDs) and how they typically appear later in life however, there are behaviors and personality traits that could be telling for the future. Hicks, Iacono & McGue, (2012), evaluate the use of transmissible liability index (TLI) as a quantitative measure for the common liabilities to SUDs. Hicks, et al., (2012), looked at how predictive the TLI could be on inheritability. This study relates to the addictions aspect of the paper because it is looking for reasons that a person may become addicted in the first place.

Ivanov, I., Liu, X., Shulz, K., Fan, J., London, E., Friston, K.. . Newcorn, J. H. (2012).

Parental substance abuse and function of the motivation and behavioral inhibition systems in drug-naïve youth. Psychiatry Research, 201(2), 128-135. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.08.004

This study looks at youth that have parents that have substance abuse problems. The participants have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and so it is theorized that their reward and behavior centers of the brain will be more active. Seeing as this portion of the brain is more active that makes the youth have a predisposition to substance abuse as well. This is related to the paper because it shows how there is a link between parental drug abuse and how their youth may also become addicted later in life.

Pani, P. P., Maremmani, I., Trogu, E., Gessa, G. L., Ruiz, P., & Akiskal, H. S. (2010).

Delineating the psychic structure of substance abuse and addictions: Should anxiety, mood and impulse-control dysregulation be included? Journal of Affective Disorders, 122(3), 185-197.

This study looks at the relationship of addictions and other mental health disorders. By comparing them there is a better understanding of the individual. The hope is that by doing this the patient can receive a more all-encompassing treatment rather than just helping with one specific area. This relates in that there is a possibility of more than what meets the eye and that there should be more information so as to help therapists and patients in the treatment portion of their addictions and mental health disorders.

Schneider, S., Peters, J., Bromberg, U., Brassen, S., Miedl, S. F., Banaschewski, T.. .

The IMAGEN Consortium. (2012). Risk taking and the adolescent reward system: A potential common link to substance abuse. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 169(1), 39-46. This experiment focuses on the reward system that is active in the brain. The theory is that there is a clear indication to adolescents that will become addicts based on a brain scan, predisposition. The authors look at risk taking as an adolescent and the connection to becoming addicted to drugs. This study shows the area of the brain in which shows addiction and that there may be a predisposition to substance abuse because of it.

Swendsen, J., Conway, K. P., Degenhardt, L., Glantz, M., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R.. .

Kessler, R. C. (2010). Mental disorders as risk factors for substance use, abuse and dependence: Results from the 10-year follow-up of the national comorbidity survey. Addiction, 105(6), 1117-1128. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.02902.x This article looked at a community survey where mental disorders were related to substance abuse and addictions. There are few studies that look at a community. Based on this survey there was also a 10 year follow up to see where the participants ended up. This study provides a long-term look into a community study and how mental disorders and substance abuse disorders are related to one another.

Teater, B., & Hammond, G. C. (2009). The protected addiction: Exploring staff beliefs

toward integrating tobacco dependence into substance abuse treatment services. Journal of Alcohol & Drug Education, 53(2), 52.

This study looked at an underlying addiction, tobacco use in substance abuse treatment facilities. The study asked opinions of those that work at the treatment facilities. There is evidence to show that seekers of treatment search for facilities that will still allow tobacco use during treatment. There is an opinion that tobacco use is not an addiction or that it is not a drug. This relates to the study because it shows how there are those that draw a line in the sand when it comes to tobacco and “real” drugs when tobacco use is an addiction as well.