Paraphrasing
kaniri
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Ch6
One of the heirs of the Olmecs are the Maya. They created a memorable society in the area now occupied by southern Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. They Contributed to mathematics by inventing the number zero, and used a symbol to represent zero mathematically, which allowed for manipulation of large numbers. Furthermore, their calendar, Reflected a powerful urge to identify meaningful cycles of time and to understand human events in the context of those cycles. It consisted of two kinds of years, a solar year that consisted of 365 days for agriculture, and a ritual year for daily affairs. The Maya believed that each day derived certain specific characteristic from its position in both the solar and the ritual calendar and that the combined attributes of each day would determine the fortune of activities undertaken on that day.
The Mayans religion involved several aspects of nature, astronomy and rituals. Most Gods represented a form in nature, for example, Sun God, Kinih Ahous, or Maize God, Yum Kaax. The Mayans were known for their calendars and astronomical buildings. These were used during their religious rituals. Similar to the Egyptians, the Mayans built Pyramid like temples for religious reasons. The main difference in shape being that the Mayan pyramids have a flat top to build temples on top. The best known pyramid is El Castillo or Temple of Kukulkan in the archaeological site Chichen Itza, in the Mexican state of Yucatan.
Another heir of the Olmecs is Teotihuacan. Teotihuacan was one of the most remarkable cities of the ancient world. It was a large agricultural village by 500 B.C.E. And it expanded amazingly after about 200 B.C.E. Teotihuacan was the land of almost two hundred thousand inhabitants. There are two main pyramids of Teotihuacan. In order to build both the Pyramid of the Sun and the Pyramid of the Moon, there needed to be a great amount of participation by the Mayan people. This suggests that Teotihuacan was a metropolis with a stable and strongly centralized authority. Pyramid of the Sun is the highest pyramid in Mesoamerica north Maya. The base of this enormous pyramid is the size of Cheops in Egypt. On the day that the sun passes the zenith, the Teotihuacanos constructed the pyramid so that it is directly in front of the monument.
After 1000 B.C.E., a new religion showed up in the central Andes. The Chavin cult, was popular during 900-800 B.C.E., spread through most of the territory occupied by modern Peru and then vanished about 300 B.C.E. also no information survives to indicate the precise significance of the cult, or proper name. Scholars have named it named after the modern town of Chavín de Huántar, which was one of the cult's most prominent sites.
Oceania refers to Australia and to those Pacific islands situated between (and including) the Hawaiian archipelago and the Marianas Islands in the north, Easter Island in the east, New Zealand in the south, and New Guinea in the west. The first settlers of Australia, New Guinea, and the large islands just to the east arrived between 50,000 and 30,000 years ago, when Neanderthals still roamed Europe. The original inhabitants of the group of islands now named Melanesia were likely the ancestors of the present-day Papuan-speaking people. Migrating from Southeast Asia, they appear to have occupied these islands as far east as the main islands in the Solomon Islands, including Makira and possibly the smaller islands farther to the east. The Polynesians are the original inhabitants of a vast string of islands in the Pacific Ocean, from New Zealand in the south to Hawaii in the north. The western boundary is Easter Island. Polynesia means "many islands" in Greek. The cultures of the region share many traits with each other. Their differences are often subtle and not readily perceived by outsiders.
