ParaPhrasing

Ch3

Egypt was the most outstanding of early African societies, specifically in agricultural society. Egyptians got their agricultural crops and animals from sub-Saharan Africa and from southwest Asia. Because of the geographical situations, building a productive agricultural economy was done by the society. Nubia was an important area as it linked egypt with the eastern Mediterranean.

The change in the climate has affected the egyptian agriculture, and the african agriculture in general. The climate there was full of grass, there was no deserts surrounding the area. Multiple rivers were between the grassy forests. After 5000 B.C.E. the north part of Africa faced a huge change in the climate as it became very much hotter and more drier than before. The famous Sahara desert wasn’t dry as it is now; it was finely watered and the atmosphere was cool enough. However, after the significant climate change, the Sahara desert has become super dry and less water was provided in there due to the hot weather.

The cities of the Nile Valley in both Egypt and Nubia were important in the agricultural side because of their location. As an example, Heliopolis was founded about 2900 B.C.E. In addition, Heliopolis means “the City of the Sun”. This city was the main venue of a sun cult near Memphis; also it is a cultural center of ancient Egypt. Memphis was founded as early as 3100 B.C.E. By the conqueror Menes. This city was chosen as the capital because of its location, which was at the head of the Nile delta.

In Ancient Egypt, all of the people had their own social class. All the social classes depends on your family and your money. The average Egyptians and Nubian citizens were normally farmers, blacksmiths, leatherworkers, merchants, and fishermen. Under the average citizen was the slaves and peasants. Egyptians peasants and slaves played roles in the society the same as their Mesopotamian counterparts.

The beliefs of the Nubian people were very special as they have their own religious traditions. Nubian religion had its own deities, but many gods and concepts would be imported from Egyptian religion. Nubian gods were also introduced to Egypt. With the lion-god, Apedemak, some unique religious dimensions are found, although these mainly come clear in the oases of the Western Desert. Here high priest were understood as able to control weather, invoking punishment of evildoers through the god and concept of Maahes. It appears likely that the Nubians shared the same ideas. Temples were built all along the Nile in Nubia, but there is a noteworthy shift in structure and aesthetics with the arrival of the Egyptians in the middle of the 2nd millennium BCE. The regions of Nubian and Egyptians are considered by some to be the cradle of civilization.