ParaPhrasing

Ch2

After the evolution of agriculture, societies have become more sustainable to have large number of population and having the ability to increase. Agricultural economies helped to develop many societies in the world. The earliest societies to do so was in southwest Asia, in Mesopotamia. The word Mesopotamia comes from two Greek words, meso and potamos. Meso means middle; and potamos means river. Therefore, the society in that was found in southwest has been called “The Land between the Revers”. The rivers Tigris and Euphrates are the two rivers meant here. People used these rivers to dig canals as they bring fresh water to the area. The land of Sumer is a small region in the southern half of Mesopotamia. Sumerians population had been increased surprisingly as they approached one hundred thousand by 3000 B.C.E. and they became the dominant people in Mesopotamia.

During 2800 B.C.E., there were many conflicts between city-states that led to war. Sumerians researchers shows that the king of Kish, which is a city-state located east of Babylon, extended his rule to govern the southern Mesopotamia after 2800 B.C.E.. The creator of empire in Mesopotamia was Sargon of Akkad, it was a city near Kish. Sargon was a minister in the era of king of Kish. He was planning for a revolution against the king. He drafted the army and conquered several city-states. Sargon destroyed everything in every city-state including their defensive walls. His army grew larger. The city-states had to provide food and money for Sargon and his army.

The Mesopotamians made many technological discoveries. They were the first to use the potter's wheel to make better pottery, they used irrigation to get water to their crops, they used bronze metal (and later iron metal) to make strong tools and weapons, and used looms to weave cloth from wool. Mesopotamian craftsmen manufactured some equipments by using the iron and bronze. Weapons were part of their industries. As well as industries, Sumerians used technologies in marine transportation. The had been trying to manufacture their first boat to sail into the Arabian/Persian gulf. By 3500 B.C.E, Sumerians managed to build a boat and they sailed through the Gulf and beyond.

With Mesopotamian being so diverse it turned into a patriarchal society with social classes, temple communities, and slaves. And the beginning of the era, kings and nobles took their places because they see themselves successful. The society chose their king by elections; eventually, royal status became hereditary. The king decided that his sons will succeed him. Nobles always support the king and they are considered from the royal family. Slave were also their in that era; they might have become slaves because of three different reasons: Captive from one of the wars, a criminal from the society, or people who sold themselves to get money.