two essays

1. What do social scientists mean when they say that Race is a social construct, not a natural category? Please be as detailed as possible in your answer…give examples from various fields…support your answer with knowledge from the history of science, history, the study of societies (etc…)

2. Give a detailed account of the development of the racial construct? include possible explanation of the development of the racial construct in the U.S; for this question you must give an explanation of why and how such a construct would develop in modernity…what where the necessary conditions that would make such a construct possible and desirable…for this you must include topics like Cartesian epistemology (how Descartes thinks we gain knowledge of the world, and what constitutes real knowledge), imperialism, the scientific and technological revolutions, the racial contract, etc…