mechanical engineering paraphrase homework

INTRODUCTION

The impact force of fluids is used in many real world situations. As engineers, experimenting with different types of flow impact helps to understand how fluid reacts under certain conditions. This experiment is done to provide some hands on experience with jet flows and impact effects. The objective of this experiment is to study the momentum transmitted from a fluid to an object. The fluid is pushed through a nozzle at a certain flow rate and lifts a specified weight above an impact plate. By using multiple impact plates with different angles, a large range of forces transmitted is obtained.

The force of a fluid being pushed through a nozzle can be measured by using the equation Fx = -mV(1-cosθ) in the X direction and Fy = -mVsinθ in the Y direction. In these equations, m is the mass flow rate in kilograms per second and V is the velocity of the flow in meters per second. Each of these values can be found by applying the volumetric flow rate measured in the experiment. The amount of force applied to an impact plate is determined by the angle of the plate. Consider two impact plates, one with a 30o angle and one with a 180o angle. Assuming each plate has the same weight applied and the same flow rate being directed toward them, the 30o plate will require a much higher flowrate to raise the weight the same distance as the 180o plate. This is due to the angle of the plate and how much of the flow is being directed away from the plate because of this angle. By using varying weights, flow rates and impact plates, a comparison is made between plates at similar weights as described above. By taking multiple readings for each setup, accurate results are obtained and used to calculate forces applied to the plates.

It can be hypothesized from the above information that a smaller degree impact plate with require a much higher force than a large degree impact plate. Even with a much smaller weight applied, a plate with a smaller angle will require two to three times more applied force due to the amount of flow that is being deflected away from the plate rather than being applied to the plate. A larger angle plate with capture more of the fluid flow and therefore apply more force to the plate.

METHODS

This experiment is performed using four different angle plates ranging from 30o to 180o with a calibration line beginning at 3.25 centimeters above the experimental setup. Weight is then added to the plate and a jet stream of water is pointed directly at the plate. The flow rate is increased until the calibration line returns to its original position.

Flow rate measurement is then taken by using a stopwatch to time the volume increase using a calibrated meter on the side of the hydraulic bench over about a minute. The volume obtained is then divided by the time to get a flow rate in liters per minute. This is taken a total of three times for each weight and averaged out for a final reading. Weight is then added to the impact plate and re-calibrated. Repeat the process for four different weights for each impact plate. This is a total of 4 plates, 4 weights and 48 flow rate readings.

The 90o, 120o, and 180o impact plates each have an initial weight of 100g and increase by 100g increments for each tests. However, the 30o impact plate has a much lower initial weight and weight increase due to the very small surface area that the jet stream can apply a force on. The initial weight is 50g and increases by 20g for each test for a final weight of 110g. A much higher flow rate is required to lift the 30o impact plate and will max out the hydraulic bench capabilities if the weight exceeded 150g.

Example Equations:

Equations should be digitally recreated if the original is a poor-quality scan or copy. The equation should be centered on the page with an equation number cited on the right margin. The equation number must also be cited in the text, (Eq. 1). The variables and their units can be defined in the text if there are only a few in the equation: E - energy (J), m – mass (kg), c - speed of light (m/s). But if there are several variables, they should be listed in an outline form below the equation

E = mc2 (1)

English and Grammar requirement for your reports:

Remember to apply the lessons you learned in EGR 386W. Your writing must be concise, clear, and consistent throughout the report. Use appropriate grammar and maintain a high register (professionalism in your tone). Do NOT use first person. The data is the focus of the report, not you or your group. The lack of first person often leads to excessive use of passive voice. You must LIMIT the use of passive voice whenever possible. There is always a more concise way to can describe your data when you avoid first person and attempt to limit passive voice.

In summary, the art of good engineering writing is to be concise, clear, and consistent. Do not use first person and limit passive voice. The focus of the report is your abstract, figures, and tables. The text is intended to support, explain, and cite the data and trends depicted in your figures and tables.