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Annotated bibliography

Black, J. (2001). Semantics and Ethics of Propaganda. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 16(2&3), 121-137. Retrieved from http://www.communicationcache.com/uploads/1/0/8/8/10887248/semantics_and_ethics_of_propaganda.pdf

The author explores the subject of modern societal propaganda, with a specific emphasis on how the media manipulates through the use of semantics. A significant amount of information is documented on how society tends to fall into the proverbial trap of being swayed by the media to support a particular cause blindly and the ethical guidelines that the media has to adhere to. The author assesses how propaganda is used in certain cultures, how it is used to manipulate certain groups and individuals. This article will be useful in discussing how the media plays a crucial role in manipulating the public in participating in a cause and in believing a certain thought or perspective about a particular group.

Marmo, J. (2010). The American flag and the body: How the flag and the body create an American meaning. Kaleidoscope, 9, 45-64. Retrieved from http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1016&context=kaleidoscope

The author discusses the American flag, its meanings, and effects on the human mind during times of peace and war. The author explores why the flag is one of the most recognized symbols not just in America, but worldwide. In particular, the author examines the meanings it has had throughout the years, as well as its utilization in swaying the general public. The author seeks to understand how certain meanings have been applied to the American flag, and if this was the original intention, or if it has become that way in an attempt to manipulate the public. This article will be useful in explaining the overwhelming amount of people that displayed the American flag after the tragedy in France, and in discussing the concept of solidarity.

Marshall, A. (2015, November 23). Paris, Beirut, And The Media: What We Need To Understand. Retrieved from Olympia Media Group website: http://theodysseyonline.com/merrimack/paris-beirut-media-what-need-understand/222039

The author discusses the concept of standing with a country and specifically outlines that Paris, France was not the only country that needed media attention during November 2015. In particular, the author notes the attacks in Beirut that occurred the day before and how there was minimal coverage of that event, yet because the media likes to paint a picture and skew the narrative, France was the only event that was discussed. Additionally, the author draws on the notion of how smaller events, or events that take place in certain countries do not matter necessarily in the eyes of the media and therefore, the eyes of the general public that 'mourn' these tragedies. The article will be useful in helping to ‘flesh out’ the concept of solidarity with Paris, France, and the pros and cons associated with it.