Log entry: environmental studies: earth science2
tkrmAJ
week4lab.pptxWeek 4
ES 101 Laboratory
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Week 4 Lab Activities
Climate controls (looking at many climographs)
Contour lines (finding your way)
USGS Topo Maps (what they are, how to read them)
Topographic Profiles (looking at the ups and downs)
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Climate Controls
Inspect numerous climographs to determine what causes predictable patterns in temperature and precipitation for various locations worldwide
Determining factors include
Latitude
Land and water
Geographic position and winds
Mountains and highlands
Ocean currents
Pressure and wind systems
Be able to identify a location given its climograph
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Contour lines
Contour line is a type of isoline: it connects lines of equal elevation above sea level
Useful for studying topography from a two-dimensional map; also useful for studying landforms
Key terms
Contour interval: difference in elevation between 2 lines
Index contour: wider, darker line (every 4th or 5th line)
Map view vs. profile view (see page 100)
See rules on page 98
Can’t cross but can come close
Make a “V” pointing uphill when crossing a gully or valley
Closed contour line with hatch marks on inside is a depression
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Topographic Maps
Large-scale maps showing elevations and shape of topography; also called quadrangle maps
Include natural and human-made features
U.S. Geological Survey issues them, at many different map scales
Map features
Latitude and longitude found at each corner of map
Names of adjacent quads (4 sides + 4 corners) shown
Scales given in bottom center
Declination arrow (magnetic north, true north, grid north)
Map symbols (e.g., benchmarks shown by BM)
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Topographic profile
Look at topography from side rather from the top
Use paper to mark elevations on map, then transfer to graph; use actual spacing of contours on map!
Vertical exaggeration: horizontal scale ÷ vertical scale
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Remember
To do your Moodle quiz by 11:55 pm on Saturday night
To do your Environmental Events Log by 11:55 pm on Saturday night
To review completed lab exercises for next week’s quiz
Read chapters for next week
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