Prof. Macqueen
youvis1201
wk2_dar_al-islam-1-5.pptxDar Al-Islam—The Abode of Islam
History 015
Ibn Battuta
Muslim world Traveler
1325 left Tangiers
29 year journey ,
73,000 miles
The Travels of Ibn Battuta
1400 Trading Routes
Africa and Eurasia were connected by trade.
Silk Road Trade
Spice Road Map
Trans Saharan Trade
Indian Ocean Trade
Renaissance Trade
Abode of Islam
1.Battuta encountered everywhere
A. Familiar cultural traditions
B. Language
C. Common Business practices
Islamic Empire at Death of Mohammed
Islamic Empire 632 to 750CE
Muslim Rule
Significance of the Spread of Islam
1. Common language and customs covering most of old world.
2. Trade, ideas and culture developed
A. Islamic world, education, books, libraries
B. World’s largest libraries until late 1400 in Muslim countries
1) Alexandria
2) Timbuktu
Significance of The Spread of Islam
Cut Europe off for centuries from Indian Ocean.
Muslims dominated the Mediterranean Sea
“ Europeans couldn’t even float a plank on it.”
African Empires
Controlled the trade of
Gold and Ivory for
the Islamic trading
network
African Empires & City States
1. All but the rainforest empires were Muslim—at least at leadership
2. Major empires were Mali, Songhai, Great Zimbabwe.
3. City States—Hausa, Swahili
Major African Empires to 1500
1. East Africa
A. Swahili—controlled the trade of gold across Indian Ocean
B. Great Zimbabwe—controlled gold from S. Africa
2. Savanna-Sahel (region south of Sahara
Desert in West Africa.
A. Songhay (Songhai), Mali, Ancient Ghana— Trade gold across the Sahara Desert
3. Forest Region (rain forest regions of West Africa)
A. Akan, Asante—actually mined the gold.
Indian Ocean Trade & Swahili City States
Swahili City States
Along the East African Coast--from Mogadishu to Kilwa
Over 75 ruins of Swahili city states along the East African Coast
Swahili houses
Made houses
from coral, mangrove
poles
good indoor
plumbing.
Swahili
All Muslims
African language,
culture, but added
Indian, Persian, Arabic
culture to their own.
.
Most important Swahili trading city state--Kilwa
Kilwa and Gold Trade
Kilwa made its fortune by trading gold from Great Zimbabwe across the Indian Ocean
Swahili stick dance
No military.
The Swahili city states rarely actually fought with each other, but they did
battle with poetry and Stick dancing
The Swahili People
Famous Swahili
Carved doors.
Songhai Map—Savanna States
Summation of Savanna States
All three empires never tried to impose religion or cultures and rule on captured)
as long as they paid tribute they were essential free to pursue their various economic activity
Songhay Soldier
Summation of Savanna States
3. No police, armies were for conquering or fighting outsiders—not regulating people
4. Mali may have had between 40 to 50 million people
5. Matrilineal
6. Muslim
Savanna states
Caravan Routes
All routes led to Cairo
Gold and other luxury
Items.
Mali
Ancient Mali was the richest Empire in the world in 1330.
14th century
Spanish Map
Map of Empires of Turkish Nomads
Mughal, Safavid and Ottoman
1. All had Turkish ruling dynasties
a.nomadic peoples from Central Asia.
b. Developed enough military strength to conquer the more densely populated agricultural regions
Mughal, Safavid and Ottoman Religion
Safavids—Persia---Sh’ia
Ottomans—Turkey—Sunni
Mughuls-Sunni, Shia—tolerant of Hindus and other Indian religions
Military clashes over the Sunni/Shia differences from 1500-1700
Mughal, Safavid and Ottoman Politics
All three empires had similar political and economic structures
Dynasties where sons ascended to the throne –not always first son.
Slave armies and slave bureaucrats who ran the governments
Ruling elites had loyalty to family, but slaves only had loyalty to the ruler.
Mughul Empire 1526 Akbar expanded Empire to most of India
Moghul Empire
Ruled over non-Muslim people.
A society of tolerance between
Hindu and Muslim.
Moghul Empire
Rare period of unity in India
Laid the basis for the British to colonize
Moghul Architecture
Hindu Empire,
Vijayanagara
borrowed
architecture styles
from the Moghuls.
Taj Mahal
Moghul Coins
Moghul Art
SAFAVID Empire
Savavids
Rule over Persia—early 1500’s
Safavid
Began a sharp divide between
Sh’ia and Sunni Muslims
Safavid Rulers
Shi’a Islam in the middle
of the Islamic world.
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
Osman Bey—1300’s
A. New Technology of gunpowder
B. Janissaries
C. into Europe
1) Serbia 1389
2) Danube River 1400
Ottoman Empire
Constantinople—Fell 1453
End of power of Eastern Orthodox Church
Was the eastern outpost of Christianity except for Ethiopia
End of the European chance to re-conquer Jerusalem.
Contributions of Islam to world trade
a. Common business practices
b. Umma, connections of Muslims from West Africa to China
c. Astronomy for navigation
