Responses to The Arab Uprisings

1. Over two millions Egyptians forced every year.

1. Egypt and Tunisia both have large populations that help them to take the dictatorial regime.

1. In Tunisia after Mohammed suicide by fire the revelation started.

Chapter three: Yemen and Libya

Yemen is referred as weak states in Arab world because of many reasons. First, the previous president Ali Abdullah Saleh was giving the benefit for his family member, political and economic also benefit restricted to Saleh’s family. Second, that the most income of Yemen is going to the Saleh and his family. Finally, his relatives have the important position in government, also Saleh and his relatives own the national airline and oil company.

· 30 percent of the government income going to Saleh and his family

· Before the revolution there were 30 percent of the population are unemployed.

· After and during the revolution the percentage of unemployed people increase up to 50 percent

Libya also referred as weak states beside Yemen; the president of Libya was military man Muammar Qaddafi. The first reason of weakness is that both Yemen and Libya has large landscape with higher percentage of mountains and deserts, which are lead to the population, live in different and far places. That gives both Saleh and Qaddafi the power. Second, the history of both Yemen and Libya leads to be weakest states. In Yemen the country is divided to two part south and north, in north which Zaydi Shia live, they wanted to establish a kingdom is major reason of weak. In the other hand, Libya was colonize by the Italians before in united to become the United Kingdom of Libya, this’s also another reason for Libya to be weak state. Third reason is that both Saleh and Qaddafi, they kept the formal institutions in governance to minimum levels. In Libya and Yemen the only ministry was really work is the ministry of oil, so they both depend on the oil income or benefits. Finally, the oil it self was major reason of weak, the revenues from oil goes to the loyal clients, which means Qaddafi’s family. Also, Yemen has the same situation as Libya, but they also export the labors to work in rich-gulf countries.

· About 95 percent of oil revenues in Libya go to Qaddafi’s family, especially his son Saif al-Islam.

· 75 percent of oil revenues in Yemen go to the loyal clients.

· Yemenis who work out side their country sending approximately $10 billion to their families, which directly goes the government for buying goods, which these good are coming from another countries.

· Any contract in Libya worth more than 200 millions dollar, should by sign off by Qaddafi.

· Famous company such as, Coca-Cola is under control Qaddafi’s sons.

First the tribe in both Yemen and Libya has big role of the uprising, when the role of tribes changed to be more political and social life, also the weak of ministries in both countries helps tribes to union, which lead the two countries to change into tribes form. In January 2011, some of the protests began the plan to eliminate Saleh. The JMP (Joint Meeting Parties) and the youth started their “Pink Revolution” in the change square in Sana. Also, university students and workers in Taiz in south of Sana starts to joined the revolution. By the time, the number is increased in capital of Yemen. The government starts to shoot people in several places. The regime in Yemen depended on tribes, political and military leaders, to give the balance against each other. Meanwhile, the tribes such as Ahmar tribe supported the protesters in Sana. Saleh ask the neighbor country Saudi Arabia for medical treatment. After that, the united States, the Gulf cooperation Council brokered a deal that Saleh should be step down.

· In Taiz the government supporter killed two and more than forty we injured.

· In Aden the government of Saleh shot and killed eleven.

· Over thousand supporters from Ahamr tribe join the protesters in Sana.

· Saudi Arabia treated and returned Saleh by the medical treatment.

In Libya exactly in February 17, 2011 after the government arrested Fathi Terbil the lawyer of the families who disappear in prison. A lot of families supported the protester in Revolutionary Committee in Benghazi. In eastern Libya, which does the government less control than the west regions, but in couple days the uprising start in the west region. The battle started between revolutionaries and the military in the capital Tripoli, but Qaddafi involve armed men from different African Countries to fight against the protesters and to save his family. Finally, and after two mounts the revolutionaries found and killed Qaddafi in side his hometown of Surt.

· There were more than six thousand protesters in the streets of Benghazi.

· The government concentrates the power in western regions more than anywhere else.

· 2500 men were armed to fight against the protesters and protecting Qaddafi and his family. They were from different countries such as, Chad, Sudan and Niger.

Chapter four: Bahrain and Syria

In both Bahrain and Syria have similar properties, the heterogeneity and the rules to stay in power. The different religions are formed major reason of erupted in both Bahrain and Syria, in Bahrain the majority of population are Shi’i Muslims and the government is Sunni. In Syria the majority of population are Sunni and government is Alswites, which is part of Shi’a. Another reason, that both Bahrain and Syria complain of discrimination, job opportunities and government services. Both Bahrain and Syria presidents’ family have a lot of affairs for equipped the important position in the government. A lot of government members carry out the same last name Al-Khalifa. Also, Al Assad family members in Syria have a high position in government and military. In Bahrain, the government imported Sunnis from outside the country, because the Sunni community is small and the government doesn’t trusted the Shi’is with military or security, this’s one of the important reason of erupted in Bahrain.

· About 70 percent of Bahrain populations are Shi’a Muslims.

· About 75 percent of Syria populations are Sunni Muslims.

· The Christians support the Assad regime.

· The Khalifa equipped the important position in government such as, finance, miniseries of culture, foreign affairs, royal court,..etc.

· A lot of Assad’s family members and relative equipped the important government position such as, his cousin is the head of the presidential guard and his brother is the commander of the Republican Guard, his brother-in-law is deputy chief.

The protester in both Bahrain and Syria didn’t success to back down their presidents Khalifa and Assad. In Bahrain, exactly in Manama “Pearl Square” the protesters start erupted, but the Bahraini government clear the square and started to kill while they were sleeping. After that, the number of protesters increases by engineers, lawyers and teachers. Then, troops from Saudi Arabia and UAE join around the Bahraini government building they known as, Peninsula Shield. The government in October 2013 starts to use the tear gas against the protester.

· Thousand of Saudi army went to Bahrain, and five hundred police officers from UAE.

· The Bahraini regimes purchase 1.6 million tear gas canisters.

· The Bahrain government stated that those protesters are supporting by Iran, because they were Shi’a community.

In Syria, the protester also failed to back down the Assad’s regime. In 2011, group of people called them selves Syrian Revolution against Assad. The regime starts killing people and children, which leads to increase the number of protesters. After the protester controlled many cites in Syria, the regime started use violence against them.

· In March, security arrested 10 schoolchildren, and the regime open fire on their family after they ask them to release their children.

· After killing the family, approximately 20,000 attacked the government building.

· The military start using the TNT and poison gas.