Research Proposal Compile the revised mini projects assignments from Unit I, Unit II, Unit IV, Unit V, Unit VI, and Unit VII to formulate a complete 8-10 page research proposal. Please include the appropriate headings for each section of the proposal to

Unit 6 Assignment

Tava Hardeman

CSU

Unit 111 Assignment

Measurement of Scale

Based on the survey questions, most of the questions relates to the interval scale of measurement. The interval scale of measurement involves identifying the different levels of agreeing or disagreeing with certain comments. The responses to the questions 1 and 2 follow the interval scale of measurement, which recognizes the different scales of the responses (Yin, 2013). The scale of answers provides a better background to create significant responses to the answers. In terms of question 3, it relates to the nominal scale of measurement. This is because it is always focusing on a specific answer and response such as completely agree.

Both on questions 4 and 5, the scale of measurement are ordinal scale of measurement. The ordinal scale of measure seeks to identify the relationship between the various results. It seeks to obtain a unique interpretation of the ordered relationship. Finally, the 6, 7, and 8 survey questions relates to the interval scale of measurement measures to understand the percentage of the responses. These summarize the nature of the scale of measurement to promote the understanding and reflection of the research study.

Summated Scale Score

I will use the summated scale score, which develops the measurement of attitudes and personality in the research questions. The summated rating scale comprises two or more elements. Also, the summated scale score does not have to be correct responses as well as they tend to be reliable. As a result, I would decide to implement the summated rating scale to improve the numerical score.

Measures of Reliability, Validity and Sensitivity

To measure reliability, validity and sensitivity, the researcher should use the positive and negative predictive measures. The positive and negative predictive measures help to indicate the level of reliability for the research findings and data. Likelihood ratios (LR) are another important measure, which offers a statistic about test reliability that is independent of the research outcomes. In terms of sensitivity, specificity and LRs are usually completely independent from the expected research outcome and thus, promotes the understanding of the research findings.

Dealing with Ethical Dilemmas during the Research Process

Ethical Issues in Research Process

The researcher can deal with deal dilemmas during the research process in various ways. Firstly, the researcher should cooperate and work closely with the participants to motivate them towards sharing their interests and views on the research subject. This could include requesting informed consent and debriefing the participants on the nature and implications of the research topic (Hollingshead & Poole, 2012). Thus, the cooperation between the researchers is important in promoting the handling of ethical issues during the research process. If the research process exposes the participants to risks of harm, the researcher is expected to inform the participants of the risks of harm. This is aimed at protecting the participants from the risks. The informed consent form should also disclose all the risks exposures among all the respondents.

Finally, it is important to create relevant ethical guideline and policy to guide the research process. It would help in handling the various ethical problems including conflict of interests, experiments on human subjects, and confidentiality. The ethical policy would ensure that researchers do not expose the identity of the participants without proper authorization or even protecting their confidential information third parties (Kolen, Wang & Lee, 2012). These identify the various ways, which could be used to deal with the various ethical dilemmas during the research process.

References

Hollingshead, A., & Poole, M. S. (Eds.). (2012). Research methods for studying groups and teams: a guide to approaches, tools, and technologies. London, UK: Routledge.

Kolen, M. J., Wang, T., & Lee, W. C. (2012). Conditional standard errors of measurement for composite scores using IRT. International Journal of Testing, 12(1), 1-20.

Yin, R. K. (2013). Case study research: Design and methods. London, UK: Sage publications.