Designing a Study HW

Define topic and need

The phenomenon in question is breast cancer. Breast cancer is a problem that which screening aims at resolving how best it can be addressed. Screening enable the medical practitioners determine who is at risk with pre-breast cancer or those with breast cancer. Women who have family history of suffering from breast cancer can have their chances of survival increased through medical maintenance through regular screening. According to Clements (2008), women at the age of 35 year and above are considered prone. People perceive such organizations as being proactive for they are concerned about their employee welfare. The management wants to increase the rate of survival for its female workforce by putting anyone in post or pre state of breast cancer to medication and treatment therapy. The research was manageable for it recorded a 100 percent rate results from all the twelve women who participated in the breast cancer screening study project.

Assess relevant knowledge

The risk group where breast cancer occurs is from age 35 to 50 years (Clements, 2008). The most risky age group is from 45 to 50 years. Women from families that have had history of breast cancer are at higher rate of getting complex cancer than the rest. There is need to have additional research to see other factors that can expose ladies to breast cancer. The environment they live in and the food they take can be evaluated as means of establishing their contribution to the high cases of breast cancer. The topic is fundamental for more ladies are getting aware of the need to have a breast screen as a way of increasing survival for women. The world is becoming more cautious of the number of cases of advanced cases of breast cancer and this would serve as proactive measure of reducing the rates.

Identify variables and measured research questions and hypotheses

There are two variables in the study namely; the age of the women and risky level. The variables are obtained through questioning the respondent. What is your age? Has any member of your family ever had breast cancer previous? Do you have a feeling that you are likely to suffer from breast cancer? Have you ever gone for cancer screening before? Two hypotheses were drawn for each of the variable. Women were grouped as either being in the high risk or moderate risk level (Clements, 2008). There were two age group categories of those over 45 years and those below.

Identify and analyze the research design

It is a causal research for it is looking answers to the problem of breast cancer. The research is experimental for it refers to the age and level of risk to establish the likelihood of breast cancer among the respondents. The research is obtaining raw data from studying the women hence the data is primary. The data is obtained through conducting interviews and giving out questionnaires to the respondents. Most of the responses obtained from the sources of data are subjective. That is because they are based on the opinion of the respondent. According to Kothari (2005), responses to age are objective for the real age will be stated.

Analyze the sample

Clements (2008) says that a population of 2321 women was targeted by the study. The sample was 12 women who were picked from the population. The sample took one respondent from among every 194 members of the population. That is a small representation for it is of less than 1 percentage of the total population. The samples were spread over cities in United Kingdom meaning the data was stratified.

Gather data

The data is gathered feeding interviews and question are responses to computer applications (Kothari, 2005). The responses from the women respondents are coded and fed into data analysis software like Microsoft Excel. The process is objective for it relies on the responses of the respondents to get the right thing. The person feeding the data has no moral authority to change or present his ideas to the data.

Analyze data

The data is inclusive of both qualitative and quantitative data. Words will be response to question that require of either yes or no and are qualitative in nature. Kothari (2005) says that age numbers are quantitative in nature for they will give a specific figure as the age. Qualitative data is coded by being given numbers or letters so that they can be analyzed by data analysis software tools. Questionnaires are arranged in order from the first one to the last one. Incomplete questionnaires are set aside before feeding the data into a software tool. The data can be analyzed through graphs, percentages or correlation.

Assess results

The age of the members was between 37 years and 50 years (Clements, 2008). Yes or no are the responses to whether members of the family had been previously been diagnosed with breast cancer. The affirmative or negative can be used to answer the question whether they had previously had a breast cancer screening. Yes, hypotheses of persons who had family breast cancer history is easy to experiment. Most of the respondents with the breast cancer in their family were at a higher risk than those who had none in their family.

Evaluate recommendations

Ladies from high risk families that have had breast cancer are likely to suffer from breast cancer. The ladies who have had screening have better chance of surviving for they can be put in treatment after diagnosis. We cannot say women outside the age brackets are free from risk of breast cancer. We cannot also say it is only genes that put one at risk for a respondent from a moderate risk level is recording a grade 3 aggressive cancer.

Evaluate the study

The size of sample was less than 1 percent of the total population. That makes it biased for it was not fully representative. The number would have been increased to 21 to cover all the urban centers included in the study. The research would have should have used random sampling where each member of the population has a chance of being picked for the study (Kothari, 2005).

References

Clements, A., Henderson, B. J., Tyndels, S., Evans, G., Austker, J., & Watson E. (2008). European Journey of Cancer care: For the Pimms Study Management Group 17, 245-252

Kothari, C. R. (2005). Research Methodology: Methods and techniques. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd