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alcohol.pptxAlcohol
ALCOHOL INTAKE
Rakkan Fagirah
Alcohol Beverages
Beer: is a mild intoxicant brewed by a mixture of grains and usually has 3-6% alcohol by volume.
Ales and Malt Liquor: They are also made by grains and similar to beer usually contains 6-8% per volume
Wines: It is made by fermenting the juice of fruits. And it has 9-14% per volume.
Hard Liquor: it is made by distilling fermented or brewed grains or other plants. Usually contains about 35-50%
Concentration of Alcohol
The concentration of Alcohol is indicated by it is Proof Value: which amounts to two times the percentage concentration. So if the beverage has an 80 proof, then it contains 40% alcohol by volume. So two ounces of an 80 proof Vodka it contains 80% alcohol.
Standard vs Actual Servings
The term one drink or a standard drink refers to a drink with an amount of 0.6 ounce of alcohol.
12-ounce bottle of beer.
8-ounce Malt liquor
5-ounce glass of a wine.
1.5-ounce shot of liquor.
Even though this is the standard servings size people tend to drink way more than that.
Calories content
Alcohol provides 7 calories per gram.
In a typical one drink there is 100-120 calories.
In regular beer there is 150 calories.
Light beer contains 100 calories.
5-ounce glass of wine contains 100 calories
3-ounce of Margarita contains 157 calories
6-Ounce of rum and coke contains about 180 calories
Absorption of Alcohol
When Alcohol ingested 20% of it is absorbed from the stomach.
75% is absorbed through the stomach and the upper part of the small Intestine
The rest is absorbed from the GI (Gastrointestinal)
The rate of absorption is affected by various factors:
Carbonation increases the rate.
Artificial sweeteners have the same affect
Food slows the rate absorption
Drinking high concentrated drinks also slows the rate of absorption
Alcohol Metabolism
Alcohol Metabolizes, transfers into usable and waste parts mainly in the liver.
Small amount of alcohol is metabolized in the stomach
2-10% of the alcohol excreted unchanged by the lungs, kidneys, and sweat glands.
Excreted alcohol causes the telltale to smell on a drinker’s breath and it is the basis analysis of a person’s breath and urine to tests the alcohol levels.
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
BAC: is the ratio of alcohol in a person’s blood by weight, or the percentage of alcohol measured in deciliter of blood.
It is affected by metabolizes 0.3 ounce of alcohol per hour.
The rate of alcohol metabolism is determined by genetic factors
and drinking behavior.
Although the rate of absorption can be affected by many factors the rate of Metabolism cannot be slowed.
A person can lower the rate of the BAC only by drinking over long period of time.
ALCOHOL AND HEALTH
Immediate and Long term affects
Mohammed Bantalal
Immediate affects
Low concentration:
It happens at a BAC of 0.03-0.05%:
Light Headedness
Relaxation
Release of inhibitions
Some people become more sociable, and for them alcohol acts as a stimulant and enhancing conviviality or assertiveness, and it is caused because alcohol depresses inhibitory centers in the brain.
Immediate affects continue
High Concentration (0.1% to 0.3%):
The alcohol interferences with motor coordination
Verbal performance
Intellectual functions
Around 0.1% BAC all the functions are reduced. Around 0.2% most drinkers are completely unable to function. And more than 0.35% can be fetal
Immediate affects
Hangover:
caused by the toxic products of alcohol breakdown, dehydration, and hormonal affects.
(Individuals are more vulnerable to heart attacks during this stage)
Poisoning:
Alcohol poisoning can happen when a person takes a huge dose of alcohol. Death can be caused to a person by central nervous system, respiratory depression or inhaling fluids or vomiting into lungs.
Immediate affects
Mixing Alcohol and drugs
Taking alcohol with drugs that depresses CNS (like Barbiturates, valium, narcotics like codeine, and Benadryl) can increases the effects of both drugs and can lead to coma, respiratory depression, and death.
If more than three drinks are taking with aspirin, ibuprofen, and etc… it can increase the risk of stomach bleeding.
When cocaine and alcohol are mixed they form a drug called cocaethylene that can highly lead to death.
Immediate affect
Alcohol aggression:
In 2012 2.2 million arrests were made that were related to alcohol.
Alcohol use contributes to 50% of all murders, assaults, and rape.
Immediate affects
Alcohol and sexual decisions:
Alcohol can affect a person decision on having an unprotected sex. People who drink heavily are more likely to be engaged with more than one partner, or to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors. Rates of transmitted sexual diseases are higher among people who drink heavily than people who drink in moderate rates.
Long term affects of chronic misuse
Digestive system:
Within just few days fat begins to accumulate on liver cells resulting in “fatty liver”. If drinking continue it can result to liver inflammation, that can causes alcohol hepatitis that can lead to frequent hospitalization in the future or death. Both diseases are reversible if the person stops drinking. But the damage has already been done because the cells are damaged and will be replaced fibrous scar tissue, a condition called cirrhosis.
Long term affects of chronic misuse
The Cardiovascular system:
One drink or less a day for women or one drink or two a day for men can actually reduces the risk of heart diseases for some people; however, more than that can causes the following:
Elevate blood pressure
Heart attacks and strokes chances will increase
Weakening of the heart muscle ( Cardiac Myopathy)
Long term affects of chronic misuse
Cancer:
Alcohol drinking can increase the chances of having mouth, throat, larynx, and esophagus cancers. It can also increases the chance of breast cancer. A study showed even having 3-6 drinks a week can increase the chances of having breasts cancer.
Alcohol Disorder
Ziyad Al-Zamil
Alcohol Disorder
Alcohol Disorder:
“Misuse of alcohol that leads to clinically significant impairment”
Diagnosing alcohol disorders:
The modern diagnose system of alcohol disorders prefer to use the terms mild, moderate, severe and extreme, rather than “alcoholic” or “nonalcoholic”. The following criteria can diagnose if the person alcoholic disorder from mild to extreme. If the person meets two then they are mild or moderate if greater than four then they are extreme.
Alcohol Disorders
These are the criteria that are used to diagnose the person:
Alcohol consumed in large amounts over long time period
unsuccessful efforts to control alcohol use
Excessive time spent using alcohol or recovering from it
A strong desire or craving to use alcohol
Alcohol prevents the person from doing their work in home, work or school
Continued use of alcohol even after diagnosed with physical or psychological diseases
Important social or recreational activates reduced because of alcohol
Persistent alcohol use in situations that are physically risky
A need for increased amounts of alcohol to achieve desired effect
Symptoms of withdrawal such as, sweating, increased heart rate, hand tremor, insomnia nausea and anxiety.
Alcohol Disorders
How to recognize if someone have a problem with alcohol? The following are signs of a person who has problem with alcohol:
Drinking alone
Drinking alcohol to get through tough situations
Using alcohol to “self-medicate” in order to get rid of strong emotions
Feeling uncomfortable when alcohol is not around in certain situations
Consuming alcohol before risky situations like driving
Drinking almost everyday
Drinking in the morning
Alcohol disorders
Binge drinking
“is a pattern of rapid , periodic drinking that brings a person’s BAC up to 0.08% or higher”
For men it is typically five drinks or fewer and for women is four drinks or fewer.
It is the most common way for college to drink is binge drinking, about 90% of occurs in the form of binge drinking. And over half of the adults in the united states drink in the form of binge drinking.
Binge Drinking
Frequent binge drinkers are three to seven times more likely to do the following:
Engage in unplanned sex
Drive after drinking
Involved in an injury
Alcoholism
Alcoholism:
“A pathological use of alcohol or impairment in functions due to alcohol; characterized by tolerance of alcohol and withdrawal symptoms”
Causes of Alcoholism
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cuHVJgN-tGU
Treatment
Join Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) group or other treatment groups.
There are also some medical treatments that can be used like:
Disulfiram : Makes the patient ill when drinking
Naltrexone: Reduces the craving of alcohol
Injectable Naltrexone: Single monthly shot administrated by health professionals
Acamprosate: Help people abstinence after they have stopped drinking
