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Smoking Respiratory Diseases

Introduction

Researchers have linked smoking to various human health complications. Despite their findings, new and more brands of tobacco cigarettes continue to be released in the market, which shows that the problems will continue to be experienced for an unforeseeable future. Owing to the dangers that emanate from smoking, alternatives and safer options such as the electronic cigarettes and chewing gums have been introduced but their acceptance by the smokers is still low.

Smoking Respiratory Diseases

Aldila and Apri (1) define a respiratory disease as a complication that affects body tissues and organs. When the tissues and organs are affected, they will not be able to execute their functions normally. For example, gaseous exchange in the body will become difficult. There is a wide variety of respiratory diseases that are known today including asthma, pneumonia, lung cancer, and bronchiolitis among others. Both smokers and non-smokers can develop respiratory diseases but research shows that smoking makes the disease to have adverse effects on the body. Studies have also confirmed the relationship between smoking habits and development of respiratory diseases. According to Aldila and Apri (4), smoking weakens the defense mechanism in the body by making it unable to resist the development of disease. Similarly, it increases the recovery time in case a person is under medication.

Smoking can result in several respiratory diseases with the common types including bacterial pneumonia, tuberculosis, and varicella pneumonitis. Smoking increases the chances of developing these infections as well as enhancing the number of deaths resulting from respiratory diseases. Aldila and Apri (4) mention that at least 6 million people succumb to respiratory-related compilations each year, which is an indicator that much needs to be done in order to reduce the deaths.

Churg et al., (437) mentions that researchers have identified new forms of respiratory complications that result from smoking. They argue that as more brands of cigarettes and tobacco products are produced and released to the market, new complications also develop. In their study, they describe a complication that they call interstitial fibrosis, which can also be identified as respiratory bronchiolitis. According to the authors, respiratory bronchiolitis can be diagnosed through microscopic analysis of cigarette-smokers’ lungs. It is characterized by macrophages (pigmented macrophages) in the lumens of bronchioles. Persons who develop this complication may also have thicker bronchial walls and poorly developed centrilobular nodules, which makes gaseous exchange in the body a problem (Churg et al., 439).

Human lungs are sensitive to any form of injuries or chemicals. The chemicals contained in products used by smokers result in inflammation, remodeling, and destruction, which hinders the respiratory system from carrying out its functions normally. The effects of smoking are manifested radiologically through alteration of the airway as well as the parenchyma. The alterations have been explained by Churg et al., (438) to cause respiratory diseases that have been discussed in the paper. The diagnosis of the alterations include checking for injuries to the airways, test for adventitial fibrosis, thickening of arterial walls and distortion of tissues in the respiratory system.

Conclusion

The complications that result from smoking are real and disastrous. Millions of people in different parts of the world die from smoking-related complications each year. As such, both national and international organizations such as the World Health Organizations have set up programs that help in reducing the prevalence of smoking and individuals who are battling with smoking should consider these programs. It should be emphasized that smoking is addictive so those who have not started should avoid it due to its adverse health effects.

Works Cited

Aldila, D., and M. Apri. "Optimal Control Problem In Correlation Between Smoking And Epidemic Of Respiratory Diseases." AIP Conference Proceedings 1587.(2014): 14-21. Academic Search Premier. Web. 4 Nov. 2015.

Churg, Andrew, Rebecca Hall, and AnaMaria Bilawich. "Respiratory Bronchiolitis With Fibrosis-Interstitial Lung Disease." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Apr. 2015: 437+. Academic Search Premier. Web. 4 Nov. 2015.