No Plagarizing at all.

Lab 2 – Water Quality and Contamination

Experiment 1: Effects of Groundwater Contamination

Table 1: Water Observations (Smell, Color, Etc.)
Beaker	Observations
1	Typical tap water, no odor, clear
2	the oil is poured into the water, it bubbles up at the top. When stirred, the bubbles became smallAser and the oil formed a layer at the top of the water
3	After pouring the vinegar in the water, it looked cloudy. The smell of vinegar was strong and small bubbles visible
4	After pouring the detergent in the water, it became quite cloudy looking like soapy green water, and there were tiny bubbles.
5	The water turned a light to medium brown color with small parts of the soil on top of the water. Smells like potting soil.
6	The water and oil mixture had a clean look to it as it was more of a light brown color.
7	The water and vinegar had an extremely light brown look, much cleaner than the other samples
8	The water and detergent had a light to medium brown look, and looked cloudy.

POST LAB QUESTIONS

1. Develop hypotheses on the ability of oil, vinegar, and laundry detergent to contaminate groundwater.

a. Oil hypothesis = If added to water the oil slightly contaminates the water making a film on the top.

b. Vinegar hypothesis = If added in water, the vinegar contaminated it and produces a smell and aa cloudy look to it.

c. Laundry detergent hypothesis = If added to water the detergent contaminates the water making it a green color and small bubbles

2. Based on the results of your experiment, would you reject or accept each hypothesis that you produced in question 1? Explain how you determined this.

a. Oil hypothesis accept/reject = Accept The experiment proved the results and confirmed the hypothesis

b. Vinegar hypothesis accept/reject = Accept The experiment proved itself in the results which also confirmed the hypothesis

c. Laundry detergent hypothesis accept/reject = Accept The experiment proved its correct and confirmed the hypothesis

3. What effect did each of the contaminants have on the water in the experiment? Which contaminant seemed to have the most potent effect on the water?

Answer = The results of the contaminants were a brownish color tint to each of water samples. I believe that the soil and water mixture had the most potent effects visually, while the vinegar had a very irritating and smelly odor.

4. Using at least one scholarly source; discuss the potential effect of each contaminant (oil, vinegar, and detergent) on the town’s water source and the people who drank the water.

Answer = Approximately 99 percent of all liquid fresh water is in underground aquifers, and at least a quarter of the world's population draws its water from these groundwater supplies. More than three quarters of underground water is nonrenewable, meaning it has a replenishment period of centuries or more (Turk & Bensel 2011). My take on this is that we need to protect our ground water at all cost. It is crucial to our survival to keep any type of pollutants out of our ground water.

5. Describe what type of human activity would cause contaminants like oil, acid, and detergents to flow into the water supply. Additionally, what other items within your house do you believe could contaminate the water supply if you were to dump them onto the ground?

Answer = When companies do off shore drilling for oil or transporting oil risk for oil spills rise. Dumping of hazardous waste sometimes leaks into the water we consume thus polluting it and making it a hazard to consume.. Items in my house that could poison our water supply if dumped on the ground would be dish soap, bleach,oil additives, paint, bug sprays and batteries.

Experiment 2: Water Treatment

POST LAB QUESTIONS

1. Develop a hypothesis on the ability of your filtration technique to remove contaminants.

Hypothesis = If the dirty water is treated and filtered, then it will be safe to drink.

2. Based on the results of your experiment, would you reject or accept the hypothesis that you produced in question 1? Explain how you determined this.

Accept/Reject = Reject-The filtered samples although considerably cleaner than before filtration still appear cloudy and just look “dirty,” and therefore fails because it does not look drinkable.

3. What are the differences in color, smell, visibility, and so forth between the “contaminated” water and the “treated” water?

Answer = The contrasts between the treated and untreated water is that the treated water seems much clearer than the messy water; it's presentation is significantly more like standard unpolluted water, yet at the same time looks somewhat dirty. The tainted examples look chestnut and smell of potting soil.

4. From the introduction to this lab, you know that there are typically five steps involved in the water treatment process. Identify the processes (e.g., coagulation) that were used in this lab. Additionally describe how each of the processes were performed in this lab.

5. Answer = We have standard water that is spotless, I then polluted the water. Upon tainting, chemicals were added and offered time to respond with the perfect water. A channel is made to clean the water. Alum is added to the dirty specimens as the bigger particles are attached to this compound. The specimens are then put through a filtration procedure of sand, charcoal, and gravel cleaning the water of smaller particles and impurities. Bleach is then added to clean water from any remaining pollutants and any remaining toxins..

Experiment 3: Drinking Water Quality

Table 2: Ammonia Test Results
Water Sample	Test Results
Tap Water	0
Dasani® Bottled Water	0
Fiji® Bottled Water	0

Table 3: Chloride Test Results
Water Sample	Test Results
Tap Water	0
Dasani® Bottled Water	500
Fiji® Bottled Water	500

Table 4: 4 in 1 Test Results
Water Sample	pH	Total Alkalinity	Total Chlorine	Total Hardness
Tap Water	7	40	4.0
Dasani® Bottled Water	3	80	2
Fiji® Bottled Water	8	40	10.0

Table 5: Phosphate Test Results
Water Sample	Test Results
Tap Water	25
Dasani® Bottled Water	10
Fiji® Bottled Water	100

Table 6: Iron Test Results
Water Sample	Test Results
Tap Water	0.3
Dasani® Bottled Water	0
Fiji® Bottled Water	0.25

POST LAB QUESTIONS

1. Develop a hypothesis on which water source you believe will contain the most and least chemical components.

Hypothesis = If test were conducted on Fiji and Dasani water, then the results would conclude that the Fiji was the cleanest, and the tap water would have the most impurities.

2. Based on the results of your experiment, would you reject or accept the hypothesis that you produced in question 1? Explain how you determined this.

Accept/reject = Reject-After testing all three types of water (tap, Dasani, & Fiji), the tap proved to have the least impurities, whereas the Fiji water turned out to have the most!

3. Based on the results of your experiment, what major differences, if any, do you notice between the Dasani, Fiji, and tap water?

Answer = The major differences between the three types of water would include their PH levels. Dasani has the lowest between the three, and the tap and Fiji had higher PH levels. Also, Dasani has the lowest chlorine, while tap was a touch higher, and Fiji had the highest level. The tap water turned out to be the “softest” water, while Dasani and Fiji were considered “harder” water at a 50 level. Phosphate levels were highest in the Fiji water at 100. After completing all tests involving the three types of water, the tap water was revealed to be the cleanest drinking water out of the three, while the higher priced bottles of water were full of all kinds of extras the body does not need!

4. Based on your results, do you believe that bottled water is worth the price? Why or why not?

Answer = NO!!!! Tap water proves to be a healthier option with less chemicals and significantly lower in price than bottled water. By buying bottled water, the individual is just wasting money and contributing to more pollution on the planet .

*NOTE – Do not forget to go to Lab 3: Biodiversity, and complete “Experiment 1: Diversity of Plants” steps 1 through 6. Steps 1 through 6 need to be completed in order to be prepared for Week Three, however, results for this experiment will not be calculated until next week. Thus, while nothing is to be handed in for this experiment until the end of Week Three you must plant the seeds this week to ensure that you can complete week 3 on time.

References

.Turk, J. & Bensel, T. (2011). Contemporary Environmental Issues, Bridgepoint Education, San Diego, CA

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