Sociology homework need it in 3 hours

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racial_inequality_lecture.ppt
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SOCIAL STRATIFICATION:

Racial & Ethnic Minorities

Rupal Satra

Department of Sociology

University of Illinois Chicago

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Today:

The difference between race & ethnicity

Social Stratification & Inequality

Theories of racial and ethnic inclusion & exclusion

What Constitutes an Ethnic Group?

  • Race & Ethnicity often used interchangeability
  • Ethnic Group:
  • A group that shares:

Sense of togetherness

Common cultural characteristics

National origin

Unique social & historical experiences

  • Subjective identity: sense of belonging

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What is Race?

  • Defined as a group of people thought to have similar:

Physical characteristics

Common ancestry

  • Does not share sense of identity
  • SOCIALLY CONSTRUCTED!!
  • Not biological  although each race share physical characteristics, THE WAY THEY ARE CLASSIFIED AND THE MEANINGS WE GIVE THEM ARE SOCIALY DETERMINED!
  • Classification into social categories

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THINGS TO CONSIDER:

  • What is the difference between racism and ethnocentricism?
  • What is the difference between race and ethnicity?

THINGS TO CONSIDER:

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION:

  • Categorize according to race, class, gender, sexuality, etc.
  • Hierarchical system:

White, heterosexual, & male

Black, lesbian, & woman

LETS SEE HOW RACIAL AND ETHNIC INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION PLAY OUT IN SOCIETY…

RACIAL AND ETHNIC INEQUALITY

  • What triggers public opposition to immigration?
  • Purpose and objective: Understand if and how elite discourse shapes public opinion about immigration.
  • Hypotheses:

Expect great opposition with negative news

This “news” will trigger increased anxiety

The direction of opinion change should then be consistent with that information

  • Conclusion: The perception that immigration is harmful, ethnic cues strongly condition emotional reactions to this news.
  • Dog Whistle Politics

ELEMENTS OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC INEQUALITIES:

  • Prejudice vs. Discrimination
  • Prejudice: Feelings & Attitudes
  • Discrimination: Action
  • Racism: type of prejudice against a particular group
  • Racial Ideologies:
  • Embedded in social fabric
  • Collective standpoint
  • Stereotypes:
  • Essentializing
  • Reductionist:

THEORIES OF RACIAL/ETHNIC INEQUALITIES

  • Historic Arguments:
  • Biological
  • Cultural

  • Contemporary Arguments:
  • Structural Theories: It’s the system, not the individuals members.
  • Focuses on the mechanisms of inequality i.e. economic system, social system, political system, etc
  • How these systems create mechanisms for inclusion and exclusion

Still rely on these arguments to help justify racial inequalities

RACIAL/ETHNIC INEQUALITIES: STRUCTURAL

  • Structural Violence:
  • Refers to systematic ways in which social structures harm or otherwise disadvantage individuals.
  • Subtle & often invisible
  • Institutionalized Discrimination:
  • Discrimination against minority groups that is practices by economic, educational, and political organizations.
  • Built into the social structure
  • Reaffirms theories of cultural deficiencies and makes them appear normal and natural.

INSTITUTIONAL INEQUALITIES: EDUCATION

  • Education:
  • Studies have shown that people with more education are likely to have higher-paying and higher-status jobs.

  • Lets see if we can find a pattern…

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, 2012

TYPE & QUALITY OF EDUCATION:

FUNDING FOR HIGHER EDUCATION

Ok, So lets see how less access to and less opportunities for education impact employment…

But first, what do you expect to find?

INSTITUTIONALIZED DISCRIMINATION: EMPLOYMENT

  • Statistics show that members of minority groups are far more likely to have a low-status and low-paying job.

EMPLOYMENT ACCORDING TO RACE & ETHNICITY:

EXPLANATION OF EMPLOYMENT INEQUALITIES:

  • Partially explained by educational differences
  • BUT: Minority employees tend to receive less pay and encounter a glass cage as compared to whites with the same educational levels.

WHAAAAAAA?!

EXPLANATION OF EMPLOYMENT INEQUALITIES:

  • NEED FOR A CHEAP LABOR SOURCE:
  • Systematic controls to keep minorities in lower-level and marginalized jobs.
  • Glass Cage Effect
  • Cultural Discrimination:
  • Homophily: Like sticks to like
  • Network groups

INSTITUTIONAL INEQUALITIES: LAW AND JUSTICE

INSTITUTIONAL INEQUALITIES: LAW AND JUSTICE

  • The Crack Cocaine & Cocaine Powder incarceration policy
  • Arizona Immigration Reform Policy
  • No Child Left Behind

THINGS TO CONSIDER:

Describe the ways in which the ethnic inequality is built into our educational, economic, and legal institutions:

What are the different theories about the causes of prejudice and discrimination?

WHERE IS THE DEBATE AT TODAY?

  • Immigration model:
  • Model challenges the persistence of institutionalized discrimination
  • “If we can do it why can’t they”
  • Internal colonialism vs. Immigrant minority
  • Internal colonialism
  • Immigrant minority
  • The Model Minority Myth