Strategic management

Harvard referencing - quick guide

Important: This document is meant for use as a guide only. It is based on the Style manual for authors, editors and printers 2002, 6th edn, John Wiley & Sons, Milton, Qld. See our Harvard Extended Guide for further examples.

To avoid losing marks, confirm the referencing requirements of your School with your lecturer. Business students should use the RMIT Business style, NOT the general Harvard style.

In-text references: examples

Single author

It is argued that ... (Carroll 2012).

Carroll (2012) argues that …

‘A major criticism of business is that it abuses its power’ (Carroll 2012, p. 26).

Carroll (2012, p. 26) contends that ‘a major criticism of business is that it abuses its power’.

Two or three authors

It is suggested that … (Cabrera & Unruh 2012).

Kuratko, Goldsby and Hornsby (2012) suggest that …

Note the use of an ampersand (&) in brackets and the full word ‘and’ in sentences.

Four or more authors

It is recommended that… (Chalkley et al. 2012).

Chalkley et al. (2012) recommend that…

Multiple citations for one sentence

List all citations alphabetically, with a semi-colon (;) to separate them.

It has been claimed that… (Carroll 2012; Chalkley et al. 2012; Kuratko, Goldsby & Hornsby 2012).

Secondary citations

When you refer to the work of one author cited by another, indicate the original source of the information and where you read it. In the reference list, only include the text you read, not the original source. In this example, Hosany and Martin would be in the reference list.

Early research indicated ... (Heath & Scott, cited in Hosany & Martin 2012).

Heath and Scott (cited in Hosany & Martin 2012) claim that ...

Personal communication

Information obtained through personal communication such as interviews, phone conversations and letters are not included in the reference list.

My field placement supervisor commented ‘… ‘ (CM Burns 2014 pers. comm., 20 April).

Ms Merrick (Melville Shire Council CEO) confirmed the details by email on 25 April 2014.

Documents without authors

Publications such as dictionaries, encyclopaedias and newspaper articles without authors do not need to be included in the reference list.

It is stated that … (Encyclopaedia of Computer Science 2012).

The Age (21 May, p. 12) reports that …

Documents without page numbers

If quoting from a document without page numbers, use either a paragraph or section heading to show the location of the quote.

Optimal immunisation schedules … (World Health Organization 2014, para. 3).

Deaths due to malaria … (World Health Organization 2013, Reported deaths section)

Reference list: examples

A reference list provides the bibliographic details of sources of information used in your assignment. The list is organised in alphabetical order by authors’ surnames. Details in each reference should follow this general order:

Author’s family name, initial(s) Year of publication, Publication title, Publication details.

For example: Young, JK 2014, My very important book, University Press, Melbourne, Vic.

Book

e-Books with full page format/imaging (PDF) should be cited as if it is a print copy.

Single author

Carroll, AB 2012, Business & society: ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management, 8th edn, South-Western Cengage Learning, Mason, OH.

More than one author

List all authors in order of appearance on the title page of the book and use an ampersand (&) to separate the last two authors.

Chalkley, T, Brown, A, Goodman, M, Cinque, T, Warren, B, Hobbs, M & Finn, M 2012, Communication, new media and everyday life, Oxford University Press, South Melbourne, Vic.

No author

Style manual for authors, editors and printers 2002, 6th edn, John Wiley & Sons, Milton, Qld.

Chapter in an edited book

Schirm, V 2013, ‘Quality of life’, in IM Lubkin & PD Larsen (eds) 2013, Chronic illness: impact and interventions, 8th edn, Jones & Bartlett Learning, Burlington, MA.

Journal article

E-journals from a database with full-page format/imaging (PDF) should be cited as if it is a print copy.

Taylor, CM, Karunaratne, CV & Xie, N 2012, ‘Glycosides of hydroxyproline: some recent, unusual discoveries’, Glycobiology, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 757-767.

Newspaper article

For articles without an author, include date and page number in-text; no need to include in your reference list.

Martin, P 2014, ‘Melbourne tops nation’s growth’, The Age, 7 April. p. 2

Podcast, vodcast

Isherwood, B 2012, Where ideas come from, podcast, viewed 5 June 2014, <http//itunesu.rmit.edu.au/node/862>

Video, film, DVD

The format should be specified after the date, e.g. video recording. Any useful additional information can be noted after the citation, e.g. directed by…

The Book Thief 2014, DVD, Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment, Moore Park, NSW.

Website

World Health Organization 2014, WHO recommendations for routine immunization - summary tables, World Health Organization, viewed 1 May 2014, <http://www.who.int/immunization/policy/immunization_tables/en/>