Sociology essay
wooruf
8_structural_theorizing.pptxSOC 323 – Chapter 8
Structural theorizing
Patterns of relationships that persist over time and place
Cultural symbol systems
Relations among social units constrained by:
Network location of individuals
Flow of resources
Relations of reciprocity, power, and authority
Development of cultural norms
Configurations of integration among actors
Composed of individuals integrated by status positions and roles
Constrain the actions of individual
Micro encounters generate commitment to the social structure through the arousal of positive emotions
What is the social structure?
Anthony Giddens
social structures exist in the ways people use rules and resources
Individuals
Rules
Normative
Signification codes
Resources
Authoritative
Allocative
From controlling material goods
To control people
Govern behavior
Create meaning
How can we make sure everybody acts together when they’re not in the same place at the same time?
Time-space distanciation
How we stretch physical co-presence through time and space to pattern interactions
Achieving social order
Ways in which rules and resources are knowingly used by people in interaction
modes of reproduction of patterns of social interaction
modalities of structuration
Lead to institutional orders
Symbolic
Political
Economic
Legal
Interpretive schemes
Authoritative resources
Allocative resources
Norms
What goes on inside of us as we create social order in interaction?
Reflexive Monitoring
We watch the behaviors of others and monitor the flow of conversation
Rationalization of action
We provide reasons for what we do
The micro level
Discursive consciousness
Our ability to produce rational verbal accounts of what we do
Practical consciousness
Our knowledge of how to exist and behave socially
Unconscious process
Non-verbal
Influenced by two levels of consciousness
Need to make the world routine and taken-for-granted
Unconscious motivation for action
Ontological security
Trust with others
Reduction of anxiety about self-identity and the constancy of our environment
Routinization and regionalization of interactions
Routines
Opening and closing rituals
Turn-taking
Tact
Locales
Physical space
Contextual knowledge
Vary by physical and symbolic boundaries, duration, span, charcter
Social positions
Frames
Key elements of structuration theory
network theorizing
Networks
Bounded sets of individuals linked by the exchange of material or emotional resources
The patterns of exchange determine the boundaries of the network.
Members exchange resources more frequently with each other than with nonmembers
Patterns and configurations of ties
Number of ties
directedness
Reciprocity of ties
transitivity
density
cliques
Strength of ties
Exchange many resources, or often
Exchange few resources, or irregularly
Bridges, brokers, and centrality
equivalence
Can network analysis help?
