ICO Nyanya

Yang, D. W., & Hoffstadt, B. M. (2006). Countering the cyber-crime threat. Am. Crim. L. Rev., 43, 201.

Yang and Hoffstadt report on how there is regulation of the cyber-crime. They have asserted that it has become more difficult to charge and regulate the offenders of the crime. The reason is that,s it is very challenging to establish jurisdictional border and prosecution level to be taken. Since there is a fast change in technology, Yang and Hoffstadt clarified that these must be followed by advanced rules and regulation to defend people who use the internet globally. The regions must develop different acts to ensure that finance, businesses, as well as private companies are protected against that crime. The federal courts are also advised to look into the prosecution of cybercrime. This is written to people who have little knowledge of cyber crime so that they fully understand.

Nykodym, N., Taylor, R., & Vilela, J. (2005). Criminal profiling and insider cybercrime. Digital Investigation, 2(4), 261

The book of Vilela and Nykodym offers a critical explanation of how the crime negatively affects national security, the economy, and infrastructure development. Some of the small businesses worry less as compared to large corporations. Therefore, the authors advise such organizations to take counteractive actions to safeguard their businesses against cyber-attacks. They asserted that cyber attackers nowadays target the larger businesses as compared to small companies like Starbucks, Facebook, or mail, which are known widely and exist globally. That, in the long run, reduces solid assurance in the state’s critical infrastructure. Vilela and Nykodym have stated that recently there has been a claim of breach of security from illegal assailants into some USA corporations. This crime was openly done against the investment and USA infrastructure. This crime is serious and requires the acknowledgment of FBI to detect the level of crime and help in rectifying the course. As compared to Yang and Hoffstadt, which report on regulations of cyber-crime, this book evaluates the negative effects of cyber-crime.

Richardson, R. (2008). CSI computer crime and security survey. Computer Security Institute, 1, 1-30.

Richardson defined cybercrime as the crime committed by the use of the computers and the internet to falsely use personal identity or illegal imports. He discovered that the first crime took place as early as 1820, according to reports that was not surprising to many as the computer has been in use since 3500 BC. There are several types of cyber-attack; Richardson categorized them according to percentage, that is, sabotage of data 17% theft of propriety information 20% denial of service 27% viruses 85% and unauthorized access by the insiders 71%. Others include hacking, child pornography, cyberterrorism and software piracy. In connection to this, Richardson said that the internet is being used highly by its abuser to abuse the children sexually such that as the access to internet is easy, there is likelihood of children using the Internet more frequently and falling the victim to the aggression of pedophiles. This is meant to inform public about the statistics of cyber-attack which is totally different from Vilela and Nykodym, which only focuses on negative impacts.

Reyes, A., Brittson, R., O'Shea, K., & Steele, J. (2011). Cybercrime Investigations: Bridging the gaps between security professionals, law enforcement, and prosecutors. Syngress.

The book explains the main objective of internet security is to establish the rules and regulation against the attackers of the internet. Reyes, Brittson, O'Shea, and Steele came up with different methods used to counter attack. They stated that there was a need to bridge the gaps between securities professional’s law and prosecutors so that culprits can be dealt at all level in the process of criminal investigations, court process, and incarceration. Some of the recommendable methods are the use of antivirus software, maintain a backup, checking the security settings and never giving full address to strangers. The authors advise the users of cyber not to respond to negative messages and learn more about internet privacy. In line with this the cyber security defends people from critical attacks as it helps them to browse safely. Similarly, the authors explain that cyber security will defend individuals from virus and hacks. This book enlightens the public about the necessary measures that stakeholders have come up with to protect the crimes. This is similar to Richardson, who gave the survey and how to counter the offenses.

McQuade, S. C. (2006). Understanding and managing cybercrime. Boston: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon

McQuade, reports on cybercrime as the act that is used to intentionally manipulating the enterprises, suitability, and a system of the computer that rely on the internet. The cyber-attackers mainly use some different codes to alter codes of computer or logic leading to disruptive values that can compromise the facts or data leading to cyber offenses. McQuade asserted that these included the information and theft identity. In his explanation, he said that cyber-attack is also denoted as Computer Network Attack (CAN). On the other hand, it’s difficult to approximate cybercrime impacts because terrorist acts are many in the era of digital. In this concern, the regions must from international agencies that help to observe and counter terrorizations globally. This document is meant to offer broad information on how to manage cyber crime so that each one is aware of the safety measures.