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A1) statement verbatim

Historical materialism, Karl Marx, the German ideology

A2) Interpretation

According to Marx, the more the society was advancing, the more the reason it had to follow a particular direction. He uses the aspect of the division of labor in the industries that result to the centralization of big industries in relation to ownership. Collective ownership of property was already replacing private ownership. This would result in the development of a classless society where every individual took part in the society’s growth and their personal growth also.

A3) Reflection

The argument that Marx is making is that communal ownership of property is beneficial. He explains that it turns the society into a classless society where every member actively engages in progress. The passage is important for understanding Marx’s ideas in general as it summarizes his idea of communism.

B1) Statement Verbatim

The social organism by Herbert Spencer

B2) Interpretation

Herbert Spencer views the society as a living organism in such a way that the society has social components that actively associate with each other with the aim of satisfying the societal needs. He explains that natural causes are the main factors that structure the society to be what it is. He also talks about the division of labor and its growth and role in the society. He states that the division of labor has enabled individuals to meet their needs and the needs of others.

B3) Reflection

The argument that Herbert Spencer is making is that the division of labor plays a great role in societal growth. The issue is that all components of the society depend on each other for growth. The passage is important for understanding Marx’s ideas in general as Herbert gives an overview of the advantages of communism.

C1) Statement Verbatim

Overview of Marx’s writings on history and social change

C2) Interpretation

The document contains works by Karl Marx and his views on social change. He criticized the views of the idealists who focused more on individualism instead of thinking critically. According to Marx, the social change resulted in positive changes in the society in relation to the methods of production and how human beings live together.

C3) Reflection

The overall argument that Karl Marx is making is that the society should embrace social change instead of having an idealistic mindset. The issue is that social change opens up new ideas and methods that benefit every individual in the society. The passage is important for understanding Marx’s ideas in general as it contains works on his main idea of social change.