Cambridge, Mass. MIT Press. (via Professor Yehuda Falk)
Please describe the formal morphological process that is involved in forming the plurals of nouns in each of the following languages?
Ilocano
pian ‘dish’ pipian ‘dishes’
talon ‘field’ taltalon ‘fields’
dalan ‘road’ daldalan ‘roads’
bia ‘life’ bibia ‘lives’
nua ‘carabao (water buffalo)’ nunua ‘carabaos’
ulo ‘head’ ululo ‘heads’
Dinka
pal ‘knife’ paːl ‘knives’
ɣot ‘hut’ xoːt ‘huts’
tʃiːn ‘hand’ tʃin ‘hands’
agɔːk ‘monkey’ agɔk ‘monkeys’
kat ‘frame’ kt ‘frames’
bɛñ ‘chief’ bañ ‘chiefs’
dom ‘field’ dum ‘fields’
dɔk ‘boy’ dak ‘boys’
tuɔŋ ‘egg’ tɔŋ ‘eggs’
met ‘child’ miːt ‘children’
yitʃ ‘ear’ yit ‘ears’
Turkish
baʃ ‘head’ baʃlar ‘heads’
ev ‘house’ evler ‘houses’
göz ‘eye’ gözler ‘eyes’
kɨz ‘girl’ kɨzlar ‘girls’
kuš ‘bird’ kuʃlar ‘birds’
zil ‘bell’ ziller ‘bells’
kadɨn ‘woman’ kadɨnlar ‘women’
Ganda
omukazi ‘woman’ abakazi ‘women’
omusawo ‘doctor’ abasawo ‘doctors’
omusika ‘heir’ abasika ‘heirs’
omuwala ‘girl’ abawala ‘girls’
omulenzi ‘boy’ abalenzi ‘boys’
Standard Arabic
dʒundab ‘locust’ dʒanaːdib ‘locusts’
sultaːn ‘sultan’ salaːtiːn ‘sultans’
maktab ‘office’ makaːtib ‘offices’
miftaːh ‘key’ mafaːtiːh ‘keys’
namuːðadʒ ‘type’ namaːðidʒ ‘ ‘types’
About the languages:
Ilocano is an Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines, with 7,000,000 speakers.
Dinka is a Nilotic (subgroup of Nilo-Saharan) language (or group of languages) spoken in the Sudan, with 1,350,000 speakers.
Turkish is a Turkic (Altaic) language, the official language of Turkey, spoken by over 50,000,000 people.
Ganda (also called Luganda) is a Bantu (Niger-Congo) language spoken by the Baganda people in southeastern Uganda.
Arabic is a group of Semitic (Afro-Asiatic) languages with over 500,000,000 first- and second-language speakers
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