Conceptualizing Codependency
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My grandfather was a gutter drinker, and myfather was a gutter drinker.
I can go back three generations in my family.
My father and I would drink a case of beer.
I was raised in a family where that was the normto drink.
It's not the nicest hand-me-down that'd you'd wantto get from your father.
Alcohol. It's legal, it's socially acceptable, it's partof our American way of life. It may have becomeeven more acceptable as an alternative to the so-called real drugs like cocaine and heroine. But isalcohol really so benign?
Alcohol is a drug. Some of my friends, physicianssay that if you try to get alcohol approved by theFDA today, that the FDA would say, are youkidding? A drug this serious to be given to thepublic to use as they see fit? You must be crazy.
A recent study done on a New York detentionfacility indicated that the number one problem ofthe kids that were identified over and over wasalcohol in the family system. 55% of those kidshad that.
When I started working in the field, I think theaverage age of seeking treatment was around40's. Then it's gone to the 30's. And now it's in thelate 20's.
Here are a few more sobering statistics. In theUnited States alone, alcohol abuse causes100,000 deaths every year. Half of all homicides,suicides, and accidental deaths involve alcoholuse. 65 out of every 100 of us will be in an alcoholrelated car crash during our lifetimes. Last year,24,000 Americans died in crashes involvingalcohol.
The number one killer of 15 to 24-year-olds isalcohol related automobile accidents. Mostspouse abuse and child abuse involves drinking.There are a million and a half more alcoholics nowthan there were in 1980. 21 million Americans arealcoholics or problem drinkers. Three million ofthose are under the age of 18.
I'm seeing a lot of 12-year-olds, and some evenyounger that start drinking.
Sam? How are you doing, Sam?
Real good, Miss Ellie. These folks are drinkers.We are way ahead of last year.
Well keep it flowing.
By the time a child reaches drinking age, he hasseen alcohol consumed over 75,000 times ontelevision, by the beautiful, sexy, and successful.Even though the federal government banstelevision commercials for distilled liquor, it seesno problem with beer and wine.
In popular movies, alcohol is fun, perfectly safe,and drunks are humorous and lovable. Hello, I'mCarol Nelson. The National Institute on AlcoholAbuse and Alcoholism estimates the annual costfor alcoholism and problem drinking at $117 billion.
That includes losses from injuries, propertydamages, health care, lower productivity, andalcohol treatment. $117 billion every year andincreasing by four billion every year, yet we stilldon't treat alcoholism as a serious health problem.
As much as 60% of alcoholics are neverdiagnosed and never treated for their disease.Part of that problem is their own denial. I don'thave it. It's probably the major symptom ofalcoholism is denial. A second is that the family'sin denial and doesn't recognize it in their ownperson, or else makes excuses for their drinkingand enables them to continue.
A third reason is if they ever do get to a physician,they are liable to find that the doctor knows little ornothing about the disease, and actually may notconsider it a disease, and may look at it himself asa moral problem.
And that's a major problem confronting familiesfacing alcoholism. Many people, including medicaldoctors, still consider alcoholism a characterdefect, an emotional weakness, even thoughscientific evidence to the contrary isoverwhelming.
I think clearly that biology plays a major role in thedevelopment of alcoholism, and in thedevelopment of physical dependence on alcohol.There are a number of studies that have beencarried out over the past 10 or 15 years.
And these are studies of adoptees, of twins, offamilies, family histories that indicate that there is,for an instance, a genetic, an inherited componentto alcoholism. And therefore alcoholism is biologicto a great degree in many individuals.
Alcoholism is as much a disease as cancer ordiabetes, and just as most diseases don't getbetter without treatment, so it is with alcoholism.
I've dealt with enough alcoholics to know that when the alcoholic tells his wife, or his family, orhis parents, I'm going to stop, I've got to stop, Ican't continue to do this, I'll never drink again, theymean it. What they don't know is that their diseaseis bigger than they are, that they're powerlessover the drug, and that they go back to it becausethey can't stand the unhappy, dry state.
They've got to have a program of recovery.They've got to replace their alcoholism with aprogram of recovery.
If you think you have not been touched byalcoholism, think again. How about your friends?Your employees? Your fellow workers? We allhave, or will have close contact with an alcoholic.You may have tried to help an alcoholic friend orfamily member with little success.
Who are they alcoholics, anyway? Skid row bumswith bottles in brown bags, who hang out in parksand on streets? Hardly. That stereotype makesup less than 5% of the alcoholic population. Thetruth is alcoholics are in our classrooms, in ourcourt rooms, and in our operating rooms.
They are our friends, neighbors, relatives andcoworkers. They're hardworking, respectable,and ordinary in every way except one. They areaddicted to alcohol. And unless they get help, thedisease not only will destroy them, but it willdestroy their families.
It will destroy their grandchildren and their greatgrandchildren, forming a chain that will strangleeach generation professionally, personally, andpermanently.
And I did everything I could to not be an alcoholic,because I knew my grandfather was a gutterdrinker, and my father was a gutter drinker. Theydrank a brown paper bag, Thunderbird, and sowhen I first began to drink, I decided I wouldalways drink out of a crystal glass.
Ted is a former Detroit television anchor who wasonce in line for the CBS morning news, but hisdrinking got in the way.
It ruined a budding career, ultimately. I was on myway to going to the network, and the curtain came down.
His friends and coworkers laughed, joked, anddrank right along with Ted. They put up withoutrageous behavior for years. But when theyfinally put their foot down, Ted sought help.Meeting together now, they recall those painfulyears.
I was out of control, but I didn't know it. I justthought life was ugly. I thought that people wereno damn good. I was so wrapped up in myself thatI couldn't see anything else.
It was Betty, who produced Ted's televisionprogram who finally called it quits. They wereshooting on location when Ted launched into atypical yelling, screaming, abusive tirade. It wouldbe his last around Betty.
I can't believe how uneducated we were aboutalcoholism, and about how we were letting him getaway with things that really was allowing him tokeep drinking. As long as we kept letting him getaway with it, he kept doing it. We didn't say that's ituntil that final shoot when we walked off the shoot and left him standing there.
Bruce was the group's cameraman.
I remember packing up the car, and Ted just kindof had this look of disbelief on his face because hecouldn't believe either that we were packing upand leaving.
It was very lucky for me that they walked away.Very lucky for me, indeed, because had they not,I don't know. I suspect I'd be dead.
Experts on alcoholism agree it's the peoplearound alcoholics who have the most power to getthem sober. They call us enablers because wekeep giving our alcoholic friends, relatives, orcoworkers another chance. We make apologiesfor insults uttered during last night's dinner party.We pick up the slack at work when a friend ishung over. We keep the chain of alcoholism frombeing broken.
We have a saying that if you put up with theunacceptable behavior of the alcoholic, you'rereally giving him or her a ticket to do it again. It'shiding your head in the sand, it's not dealing withthe behavior, not dealing with the onus.
I am sure at the time my boss knew that I wasdrinking too much, but I was an overachiever, Iwas an over producer, so I'm sure she felt let'skeep her on, let's keep her on at any cost.Nobody really confronted me.
Linda is a talented photographer, successfulcareer woman, and an alcoholic.
I held down a full time job, I played championshiptennis, I raised three children, I was the editor of anewsletter. I was a very active, productivewoman.
But Linda's personal life was different. Failedmarriages, belligerence and anger at friends andfamily. Then Linda's mother threatened to takeaway her children.
The thing that made me stop, and the thing thatmade me, forced me to look at myself was mychildren. That was the dearest thing to me. Thatheld the highest price, way more than my own life.
Linda's mother refused to continue enablingLinda's destructive behavior. That helped Lindabreak a chain of alcoholism that snakedthroughout her family for three generations. Afather who died of alcohol related liver disease,aunts, uncles, cousins, many are in treatmenttoday.
I swore that the insanity in my family was going to stop with my generation, and as far as mychildren go, it did.
It makes me more aware with the facts, knowingthat my mom is an alcoholic, and it helps me.Instead of just avoiding it, you know? Just denyingthat, you know, my mom was an alcoholic. I cantalk about it.
It's not something that I did to them to harm them,or I did to them because I was selfish, or becauseI was mean, or because I was cruel. That's thenature of the disease. And if they can understandit, they can stop it from spreading, from continuingon in their own lives, into their children's lives.
That's how families are breaking the chain ofalcoholism. Alcoholics are getting help. They'reeducating their children, openly discussing thedisease and how it affected the family. 22 millionAmerican adults were raised by an alcoholicparent, and children of alcoholics are four timesmore likely to become alcoholics than others.
Children of alcoholics tend to marry alcoholics,too. Bob and Arlene have been married for 29 years. Both are children of alcoholics. Given whatwe know about the chain of alcoholism, it isn'tsurprising that Bob became an alcoholic, nor is itsurprising that Arlene married one.
Addicted people and codependents hook up witheach other. They plaid with each other. I call it thedance. Their steps are perfect. They're in perfectharmony, dysfunctional harmony with each other.
Arlene and Bob were high school sweethearts, butduring Bob's years of heavy drinking, Arlene saysshe could hardly remember those carefree days.Arlene, who was an artist, began resenting Bob'ssuccessful career.
Every time my career would start to take off, bam,we moved. Career moved. And in those days,women weren't saying, wait a minute. I have acareer here, too, so there wasn't even a lateralmove involved when I was uprooted again, and the children were uprooted. It was tough.
That resentment built. Bob drank, Arlene denied it.What outsiders saw as a typical, happy familywas in danger of breaking apart.
It does grow, just like a big cancer, and youbecome something that you don't recognize at all.And you don't know who you are anymore. Soyou go through the paces, you do what you'resupposed to. You show up at PTA, you say helloto the [INAUDIBLE] folks, and you hope you don'tlet down. You hope you don't let your guard downso that somebody cracks through.
Blackouts. I'd started to neglect things, forgetthings. I knew that I was not treating Arlene and the children the way I liked to treat them.
I just didn't feel good. I knew that I had a problem.I can remember that it was a Sunday morning, I can remember it so clearly, and I just got up and Isat on the side of the bed, and I said to myself,you are a drunk.
Bob's realization, pushed by the threat of divorcefrom Arlene helped this family break the chain.The challenge now is with their children, stoppingthe spread of alcoholism to further generations.
Andy is four times as likely to become alcoholic asa son raised in a home without a problem drinker.He and his sister Susan are trying to uncover anddeal with family problems they have been denyingsince childhood.
It wasn't just dad's problem. And I think that wasthe first thing that we realized, that it was ourproblem as a family, with the bloodline and thehereditary of it coming right through the family.That was the first realization that it's not dad'sproblem.
I have not had a successful, I would say history inlove relationships. And now I'm finding theramifications in other relationships as well. Workrelationships, and at this stage of my life, I'm finallybeginning to identify why I've been attracted tocertain people in various contexts, and how it does reckon back to having come from adysfunctional family.
Children of alcoholics grow up in chaos. It doesn'tmatter which parent has the drinking problem, orhow volatile the home life is, instability becomesthe norm. As they become adults, most get intounstable relationships, because that's what theyfeel most comfortable with. Often they marryalcoholics, or they develop drinking problemsthemselves. They become another link in thechain.
Even those who aren't alcoholics strengthen thechain. Each time we lie for the alcoholic, each timewe pour a bottle down the sink, each time weavoid confronting the alcoholic, we prolong thesickness.
Women who are co-dependent on alcoholic ordrug addicted husbands, if we can just getthrough this phase while he's drinking or usingdrugs, and if I can just hold this family together,once he's through with this, once he's able to give it up, everything will be all right.
And this, in a way, is related to hope springseternal. What most people in this mindset don'trealize is that alcoholism and other chemicaldependencies are progressive, downhill, chronicdiseases which never get better untreated.Unless something intervenes in the addiction, theaddiction always gets worse.
In fact, the actions we take that seem soadmirable can be deadly for an alcoholic. That'swhy the best action is to find help for them, even ifthey're not ready. When the people aroundalcoholics stop accepting unacceptable behavior,changes do occur.
Alcoholism can be tough to treat, but there ishope. Once we accept alcoholism as a disease,we can help an alcoholic by refusing to tolerate hisbehavior any longer. There is help availablethrough many sources. Since 1978, privatetreatment centers have increased by over 300%.There's a good reason for that.
We now know that alcoholism can be a complexdisease, therefore a comprehensive, structuredprogram involving both the alcoholic and his familysometimes works best. We also know that bytreating alcoholism instead of ignoring it, wedecrease health care costs throughout the healthcare system.
The type of treatment an alcoholic and his familyreceives should be based on a careful evaluationby alcoholism specialists. A good inpatientprogram includes a thorough psychological andphysical examination, a safe, supervised medicaldetoxification, and withdrawal from all drugs.
The alcoholic is taught how to abstain from usingmood altering drugs, how to prevent relapses, andhow to create a balanced lifestyle. Group therapyimproves self awareness and builds coping skills.Becoming part of a treatment program based onthe 12 step philosophy like AA, and continuingoutpatient care are crucial for success. Treatmentworks.
And I firmly believe that I would be dead if I hadn'tdone what I did. So for no other reason, is it worthit? Well, I don't know. Maybe some people like thealternative, but I'm not getting the bus load up togo yet, OK? I'm still having a pretty good time inthis life. As a matter of fact, I'm having a bettertime.
Professional groups from bankers to lawyers tostockbrokers are starting to realize thedevastating effects alcohol is having on theirmembers. They're setting up counseling andtreatment programs to deal with the problem.More businesses are starting employeeassistance programs.
Southern Bell was one of the first. In the past 10 years, their assistance program has helped morethan 1,500 employees with substance abuseproblems. Alcoholics Anonymous, Al-Anon,Alateen, Adult Children of Alcoholics. Thesegroups are represented in virtually every town inAmerica. There is no charge for attending, andyour anonymity is closely guarded.
What I tell these people is that there's a wholegroup of people who have been through thisalready. Those people are in Al-Anon, in FamiliesAnonymous, and other such 12 step 1 programs.They've already been through it. They're not in aposition of pointing the finger and saying here'swhat you should do.
The message in Al-Anon and FamiliesAnonymous is here's what we did when we facedthe same problems that you're facing today.There's tremendous support, there's tremendouslove and a caring atmosphere, and it's utterlyconfidential.
What's said in those meetings stays in thosemeetings, and the only way to experience that isto go to some, don't even bring up your issues.Listen and hear what they're talking about. And ofcourse the primary method of treatment for thecodependent is the Al-Anon program.
We think it's extremely important to have ourpatients introduced to Alcoholics Anonymous fromthe very beginning. Our patients are introduced toAA as soon as they're out of the detox program,and are going to Alcoholics Anonymous six nightsa week outside the facility.
Help is available for everyone, whether you're analcoholic or the spouse, child, or friend of thealcoholic. Alcoholism is a disease that doesn't getbetter by itself, but it's treatable, and it has a goodchance for success if you get help.
I'd say today's been about the best day we've hadso far. I mean, that's really the way, it sounds socorny, doesn't it? But it's really nice. And we'relooking forward to a lot of neat things, because we did get married quite young, and our children are grown, and we've got things to do in this world.We're gonna have a good time.
And like he said, I don't know that he won't take adrink. But I know now that I won't cause him to.And I might have in the past. I have every reason to believe I did. But no, now with the tools wehave, that if he takes a drink, that's his problem.And I can't imagine he would. I think he's truly notfearful, but he respects the damage that it can do.