Graphic design history test help

Ecological(Systems:( Inventory(and(Analysis(

Ecological(Systems(Inventory(

•  Physical(A8ributes( •  Biological(A8ributes( •  Historical(and(Cultural( A8ributes(

Physical(A8ributes(

•  Geology( •  Physiography( •  Soils( •  Hydrology( •  Climate(

(

Biological(A8ributes(

•  VegetaAon( •  Wildlife(

Historical(and(Cultural(A8ributes(

•  Land(use( •  Legal( •  UAliAes( •  CirculaAon( •  Historic( •  Sensory(

Geology( •  Bedrock(

–  Underlying(formaAons( •  Formed(through(different(processes( •  Depth(to(bedrock( •  Seismic(hazards( •  Solubility,(permeability,(strength( •  Major(determinant(in(soil(types( •  Through(soils(affects(vegetaAon(and(

wildlife( •  Controls(availability(and(movement(

of(groundwater(

•  Surficial( –  Surface(deposits(

•  Deposited(by(wind,(water(or(gravity( •  Inherent(qualiAes(associated(with(

method(of(deposiAon( (

((

Physiography( •  ElevaAon(

–  High/low(points(and(relaAve(form( and(orientaAon(

–  ElevaAons(effects(on(temperature( and(precipitaAon(

•  Slope( –  Suitability(for(building,(slope(

categories( –  Effects(on(erosion(potenAal( –  Drainage(implicaAons,(flat(vs.(Steep(

sites,(excessive(runoff(with( impermeable(soils(

•  Aspect( –  Views(and(visibility( –  Solar(orientaAon(and(exposure(to(

prevailing(winds(

(

Soils( •  Soil(type(and(important(characterisAcs(

–  FerAlity( –  Erodibility( –  Porosity( –  Soil(profile( –  Grain(size,(clay,(silt,(sand( –  Building(potenAal(

•  Landfills(of(disturbed(soil( •  Hardpan( •  Corrosive,(organic(or(urban(or(made(

land(

•  Bearing(capacity( •  Stability(

–  Expansiveness( –  PotenAal(for(slumping(or(

sliding(

–  Angle(of(repose(

(

(

Hydrology( •  Groundwater(

–  Depth(to(seasonal(water(table( –  Aquifer(recharge(( –  Effects(of(land(uses(on(water(quality( –  Seeps(and(springs( –  Wells(and(overdraVs(

•  Surface(hydrology( –  Catchments,(drainage(basins,(

watersheds( –  Sheet(flow(and(swales( –  Stream(order,(form(and(hydraulics,(

erosion(and(sedimentaAon( –  Flood(potenAal( –  Water(quality(and(chemistry( –  Principle(sculptor(of(land(form( –  Moves(material(throughout(the(

landscape( –  Relevance(for(vegetaAon(and(wildlife( ( (

Climate(

•  General(climaAc(influences( –  Seasonal(weather(pa8erns(

•  Solar(access( •  Wind( •  PrecipitaAon( •  Major(weather(events(

•  MicroclimaAc(variaAon( –  ElevaAon(effects( –  Human(effects( –  Effects(of(surface(material( –  Topographic(variaAon(

•  Fog(pockets( •  Cold(air(drainage( •  Solar(orientaAon( •  Rain(shadow(

VegetaAon(

•  Plant(communiAes( •  ExoAc(or(invasive(species( •  Specimens( •  Habitat(value( •  Age(and(sucsessional(stage( •  PotenAal(indicator(of(soil(

condiAons(

•  Tied(to(topography,(soils,( hydrology,(climate(and( various(biological(and( geomorphological(funcAons(

Wildlife(

•  Indicator(species( •  Endangered(or( threatened(species(

•  Transport(mechanism( •  Habitat(connecAvity,( edge(effects(and(ranges(

•  Urban/nature(interface(

Land(Use(

•  Land(use(classificaAon( –  Intensity(

•  Impermeable(surfaces( •  Toxicity( •  PotenAal(to(introduce( exoAc(or(invasive(species(

•  Prior(land(use( –  Landscape(restructuring(

•  Adjacent(land(uses( (

Legal(

•  PoliAcal(boundaries(or( jurisdicAon(

•  Land(ownership( •  Land(use(regulaAons( •  Easements(or(legal( restricAons(

UAliAes(

•  Electric( •  Sanitary(sewer( •  Storm(sewer( •  Gas( •  Water( •  TelecommunicaAons(

CirculaAon(

•  Street(classificaAons( and(funcAon(

•  Cycle(paths( •  Footpaths( •  Tracks( •  Overall(use(volumes( and(cycles( (

Historic(and(Cultural(

•  Buildings(and(landmarks( •  Archaeological(sites( •  Spiritual(and(cultural( landscape(significance(

•  Vernacular(a8ributes(

Sensory(

•  Visibility( •  Visual(quality( •  Noise( •  Odors(

InteracAons(and(Synthesis( •  InteracAons(exist(because(these(

parAcular(natural(processes(and( landscape(characterisAcs(have(been( resilient(and(found(ways(to(coZexist( (symbiosis)(

•  Importance(of(understanding( ecological(history(and( geomorphological(processes(

•  ConnecAvity,(flows(and( fragmentaAon(

•  Cultural(influences(or(impacts( •  Dynamic(nature(of(all(landscapes( •  Scale(and(hierarchy(