Complete the discussion and conclusion with the refrence in the file I posted
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abstractformallab1-almostfinaledit1.1_2_1.pdf
Calorimetry Formal Lab #1
Saul Esparza Mohamed Abdel-Khaliq
Abdullah Aljindan
9/15/2015
Instructor: Dr. Orville Bignall Physics 2121
Abstract
In this experiment we utilized a constant pressure calorimeter, in conjunction with the specific heat
capacity equation Q mcT, in order to obtain the specific heat of an unknown substance by using a
calorimeter. From the data we obtained through experimentation, and the calculations we made, we
concluded that the unknown material’s specific heat (c) was 427.6 J/kg K. From this result we concluded
that the unknown substance was Iron, which has an accepted specific heat of 470 J/kg K. The percent
difference we obtained was 9.01%.
Introduction
The basic premise behind calorimetry is that is a closed system, heat is a conserved quantity that can be
measured. Heat energy in a calorimeter is transferred between two substances, one which has a known
heat capacity, namely water in this case, and an unknown substance whose heat capacity we would like
to measure.
Experimental Technique
In this experiment we heated the unknown substance by submerging it in water and heating the water
until it reached a temperature of 373 K, which is boiling point for water. Once the unknown substance
had reached thermal equilibrium with the boiling water, we then transferred the unknown substance
quickly into the calorimeter cup, which had room temperature (295.8 K) water in it. We began to
measure the initial temperature of the water in the calorimeter right before and after we placed the
heated object in the calorimeter cup. We used PASCO electronic temperature sensors and PASCO
software to collect the data of temperature of the contents of the calorimeter vs. time. We then
transferred the data over to Data Studio in order to analyze the data and fit it linearly. We then used the
temperature vs. time graphs in order to obtain the data needed to find the specific heat capacity of the
object.
Data
Temperature (°C) Vs. Time (s) - Sample Time (s )
Temp. (°C )
Time (s )
Temp. (°C )
Time (s )
Temp. (°C )
Time (s )
Temp. (°C )
Time (s )
Temp. (°C )
0 22.8 48.5 25.4 97 31.6 145.5 31.6 194 31.5
0.5 22.8 49 25.4 97.5 31.6 146 31.6 194.5 31.5
1 22.8 49.5 25.5 98 31.7 146.5 31.6 195 31.5
1.5 22.8 50 25.5 98.5 31.6 147 31.6 195.5 31.5
2 22.8 50.5 25.6 99 31.6 147.5 31.6 196 31.5
2.5 22.8 51 25.6 99.5 31.6 148 31.6 196.5 31.5
3 22.8 51.5 25.6 100 31.6 148.5 31.6 197 31.4
3.5 22.8 52 25.7 100.5 31.6 149 31.6 197.5 31.5
4 22.8 52.5 25.6 101 31.6 149.5 31.6 198 31.5
4.5 22.8 53 25.7 101.5 31.6 150 31.6 198.5 31.5
5 22.8 53.5 25.6 102 31.6 150.5 31.6 199 31.5
5.5 22.8 54 25.6 102.5 31.6 151 31.6 199.5 31.5
6 22.8 54.5 25.7 103 31.6 151.5 31.6 200 31.5
6.5 22.8 55 25.7 103.5 31.6 152 31.6 200.5 31.5
7 22.8 55.5 25.8 104 31.6 152.5 31.6 201 31.5
7.5 22.8 56 26.8 104.5 31.6 153 31.6 201.5 31.5
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 50 100 150 200 250
T e
m p
e ra
tu re
( °C
)
Time (s)
Temperature (c) vs. Time (s) - Sample
8 22.8 56.5 27.8 105 31.7 153.5 31.6 202 31.5
8.5 22.8 57 28.7 105.5 31.6 154 31.6 202.5 31.4
9 22.8 57.5 29.4 106 31.7 154.5 31.6 203 31.4
9.5 22.7 58 30 106.5 31.6 155 31.6 203.5 31.5
10 22.7 58.5 30.4 107 31.6 155.5 31.6 204 31.4
10.5 22.7 59 30.8 107.5 31.6 156 31.6 204.5 31.5
11 22.7 59.5 31 108 31.6 156.5 31.6 205 31.5
11.5 22.7 60 31.1 108.5 31.6 157 31.6 205.5 31.5
12 22.7 60.5 31.1 109 31.6 157.5 31.6 206 31.5
12.5 23.6 61 31 109.5 31.6 158 31.6 206.5 31.5
13 24 61.5 31 110 31.6 158.5 31.6 207 31.4
13.5 24.1 62 30.8 110.5 31.6 159 31.6 207.5 31.5
14 23.9 62.5 30.7 111 31.6 159.5 31.5 208 31.5
14.5 23.8 63 30.5 111.5 31.6 160 31.5 208.5 31.5
15 23.6 63.5 30.4 112 31.6 160.5 31.6 209 31.4
15.5 23.5 64 30.4 112.5 31.6 161 31.5 209.5 31.4
16 23.4 64.5 30.5 113 31.6 161.5 31.6 210 31.5
16.5 23.4 65 30.7 113.5 31.6 162 31.6 210.5 31.4
17 23.3 65.5 30.9 114 31.6 162.5 31.5 211 31.4
17.5 23.3 66 31.1 114.5 31.6 163 31.5 211.5 31.4
18 23.3 66.5 31.2 115 31.6 163.5 31.6 212 31.4
18.5 23.3 67 31.3 115.5 31.6 164 31.5 212.5 31.5
19 23.3 67.5 31.4 116 31.6 164.5 31.5 213 31.5
19.5 23.4 68 31.4 116.5 31.6 165 31.5 213.5 31.4
20 23.4 68.5 31.4 117 31.6 165.5 31.5 214 31.4
20.5 23.4 69 31.5 117.5 31.6 166 31.6 214.5 31.5
21 23.4 69.5 31.5 118 31.6 166.5 31.5 215 31.4
21.5 23.4 70 31.5 118.5 31.6 167 31.5 215.5 31.4
22 23.4 70.5 31.5 119 31.6 167.5 31.5 216 31.4
22.5 23.5 71 31.5 119.5 31.6 168 31.5 216.5 31.4
23 23.5 71.5 31.6 120 31.6 168.5 31.5 217 31.4
23.5 23.5 72 31.6 120.5 31.6 169 31.5 217.5 31.4
24 23.4 72.5 31.6 121 31.6 169.5 31.5 218 31.4
24.5 23.5 73 31.6 121.5 31.6 170 31.5 218.5 31.4
25 23.5 73.5 31.6 122 31.6 170.5 31.5 219 31.4
25.5 23.5 74 31.7 122.5 31.6 171 31.5 219.5 31.4
26 23.6 74.5 31.7 123 31.6 171.5 31.5 220 31.4
26.5 23.6 75 31.7 123.5 31.6 172 31.5 220.5 31.4
27 23.7 75.5 31.7 124 31.6 172.5 31.5 221 31.4
27.5 23.7 76 31.7 124.5 31.6 173 31.5 221.5 31.4
28 23.7 76.5 31.6 125 31.6 173.5 31.5 222 31.4
28.5 23.7 77 31.6 125.5 31.6 174 31.5 222.5 31.5
29 23.7 77.5 31.6 126 31.6 174.5 31.5 223 31.4
29.5 23.8 78 31.5 126.5 31.6 175 31.5 223.5 31.4
30 23.8 78.5 31.5 127 31.6 175.5 31.5 224 31.4
30.5 23.8 79 31.5 127.5 31.6 176 31.5 224.5 31.4
31 23.8 79.5 31.5 128 31.6 176.5 31.5 225 31.4
31.5 23.9 80 31.5 128.5 31.6 177 31.5 225.5 31.4
32 23.9 80.5 31.5 129 31.6 177.5 31.5 226 31.4
32.5 23.9 81 31.5 129.5 31.6 178 31.5 226.5 31.5
33 24 81.5 31.5 130 31.6 178.5 31.5 227 31.4
33.5 24 82 31.5 130.5 31.6 179 31.5 227.5 31.4
34 24.1 82.5 31.5 131 31.6 179.5 31.5 228 31.4
34.5 24.2 83 31.5 131.5 31.6 180 31.5 228.5 31.4
35 24.2 83.5 31.5 132 31.6 180.5 31.5 229 31.4
35.5 24.3 84 31.5 132.5 31.6 181 31.5 229.5 31.4
36 24.3 84.5 31.5 133 31.6 181.5 31.5 230 31.4
36.5 24.3 85 31.5 133.5 31.6 182 31.5 230.5 31.4
37 24.4 85.5 31.6 134 31.6 182.5 31.5 231 31.4
37.5 24.5 86 31.6 134.5 31.6 183 31.5 231.5 31.4
38 24.5 86.5 31.6 135 31.6 183.5 31.5 232 31.4
38.5 24.5 87 31.6 135.5 31.6 184 31.5 232.5 31.4
39 24.5 87.5 31.6 136 31.6 184.5 31.5 233 31.4
39.5 24.6 88 31.6 136.5 31.6 185 31.5 233.5 31.4
40 24.6 88.5 31.6 137 31.6 185.5 31.5 234 31.4
40.5 24.7 89 31.6 137.5 31.6 186 31.5 234.5 31.4
41 24.7 89.5 31.6 138 31.6 186.5 31.5 235 31.4
41.5 24.7 90 31.6 138.5 31.6 187 31.5 235.5 31.4
42 24.7 90.5 31.6 139 31.6 187.5 31.5 236 31.4
42.5 24.8 91 31.6 139.5 31.6 188 31.5 236.5 31.4
43 24.9 91.5 31.6 140 31.6 188.5 31.5 237 31.4
43.5 24.9 92 31.6 140.5 31.6 189 31.5 237.5 31.4
44 25 92.5 31.6 141 31.6 189.5 31.5 238 31.4
44.5 25 93 31.6 141.5 31.6 190 31.5 238.5 31.4
45 25 93.5 31.6 142 31.6 190.5 31.5 239 31.4
45.5 25.1 94 31.6 142.5 31.6 191 31.5 239.5 31.4
46 25.1 94.5 31.6 143 31.6 191.5 31.5 240 31.4
46.5 25.1 95 31.6 143.5 31.6 192 31.5 240.5 31.4
47 25.2 95.5 31.6 144 31.6 192.5 31.5 241 31.4
47.5 25.2 96 31.6 144.5 31.6 193 31.5 241.5 31.4
48 25.3 96.5 31.6 145 31.6 193.5 31.5 242 31.4
Temperature (°C) Vs. Time (s) - Calorimeter Time (s )
Temp. (°C )
Time (s )
Temp. (°C )
Time (s )
Temp. (°C )
Time (s )
Temp. (°C )
Time (s )
Temp. (°C )
0 22.8 48.5 25.4 97 31.6 145.5 31.6 194 31.5
0.5 22.8 49 25.4 97.5 31.6 146 31.6 194.5 31.5
1 22.8 49.5 25.5 98 31.7 146.5 31.6 195 31.5
1.5 22.8 50 25.5 98.5 31.6 147 31.6 195.5 31.5
2 22.8 50.5 25.6 99 31.6 147.5 31.6 196 31.5
2.5 22.8 51 25.6 99.5 31.6 148 31.6 196.5 31.5
3 22.8 51.5 25.6 100 31.6 148.5 31.6 197 31.4
3.5 22.8 52 25.7 100.5 31.6 149 31.6 197.5 31.5
4 22.8 52.5 25.6 101 31.6 149.5 31.6 198 31.5
4.5 22.8 53 25.7 101.5 31.6 150 31.6 198.5 31.5
5 22.8 53.5 25.6 102 31.6 150.5 31.6 199 31.5
5.5 22.8 54 25.6 102.5 31.6 151 31.6 199.5 31.5
6 22.8 54.5 25.7 103 31.6 151.5 31.6 200 31.5
6.5 22.8 55 25.7 103.5 31.6 152 31.6 200.5 31.5
7 22.8 55.5 25.8 104 31.6 152.5 31.6 201 31.5
7.5 22.8 56 26.8 104.5 31.6 153 31.6 201.5 31.5
8 22.8 56.5 27.8 105 31.7 153.5 31.6 202 31.5
8.5 22.8 57 28.7 105.5 31.6 154 31.6 202.5 31.4
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
0 50 100 150 200 250
T e
m p
e ra
tu re
( °C
)
Time (s)
Temperature (•°C) vs. Time (s) - Calorimeter
9 22.8 57.5 29.4 106 31.7 154.5 31.6 203 31.4
9.5 22.7 58 30 106.5 31.6 155 31.6 203.5 31.5
10 22.7 58.5 30.4 107 31.6 155.5 31.6 204 31.4
10.5 22.7 59 30.8 107.5 31.6 156 31.6 204.5 31.5
11 22.7 59.5 31 108 31.6 156.5 31.6 205 31.5
11.5 22.7 60 31.1 108.5 31.6 157 31.6 205.5 31.5
12 22.7 60.5 31.1 109 31.6 157.5 31.6 206 31.5
12.5 23.6 61 31 109.5 31.6 158 31.6 206.5 31.5
13 24 61.5 31 110 31.6 158.5 31.6 207 31.4
13.5 24.1 62 30.8 110.5 31.6 159 31.6 207.5 31.5
14 23.9 62.5 30.7 111 31.6 159.5 31.5 208 31.5
14.5 23.8 63 30.5 111.5 31.6 160 31.5 208.5 31.5
15 23.6 63.5 30.4 112 31.6 160.5 31.6 209 31.4
15.5 23.5 64 30.4 112.5 31.6 161 31.5 209.5 31.4
16 23.4 64.5 30.5 113 31.6 161.5 31.6 210 31.5
16.5 23.4 65 30.7 113.5 31.6 162 31.6 210.5 31.4
17 23.3 65.5 30.9 114 31.6 162.5 31.5 211 31.4
17.5 23.3 66 31.1 114.5 31.6 163 31.5 211.5 31.4
18 23.3 66.5 31.2 115 31.6 163.5 31.6 212 31.4
18.5 23.3 67 31.3 115.5 31.6 164 31.5 212.5 31.5
19 23.3 67.5 31.4 116 31.6 164.5 31.5 213 31.5
19.5 23.4 68 31.4 116.5 31.6 165 31.5 213.5 31.4
20 23.4 68.5 31.4 117 31.6 165.5 31.5 214 31.4
20.5 23.4 69 31.5 117.5 31.6 166 31.6 214.5 31.5
21 23.4 69.5 31.5 118 31.6 166.5 31.5 215 31.4
21.5 23.4 70 31.5 118.5 31.6 167 31.5 215.5 31.4
22 23.4 70.5 31.5 119 31.6 167.5 31.5 216 31.4
22.5 23.5 71 31.5 119.5 31.6 168 31.5 216.5 31.4
23 23.5 71.5 31.6 120 31.6 168.5 31.5 217 31.4
23.5 23.5 72 31.6 120.5 31.6 169 31.5 217.5 31.4
24 23.4 72.5 31.6 121 31.6 169.5 31.5 218 31.4
24.5 23.5 73 31.6 121.5 31.6 170 31.5 218.5 31.4
25 23.5 73.5 31.6 122 31.6 170.5 31.5 219 31.4
25.5 23.5 74 31.7 122.5 31.6 171 31.5 219.5 31.4
26 23.6 74.5 31.7 123 31.6 171.5 31.5 220 31.4
26.5 23.6 75 31.7 123.5 31.6 172 31.5 220.5 31.4
27 23.7 75.5 31.7 124 31.6 172.5 31.5 221 31.4
27.5 23.7 76 31.7 124.5 31.6 173 31.5 221.5 31.4
28 23.7 76.5 31.6 125 31.6 173.5 31.5 222 31.4
28.5 23.7 77 31.6 125.5 31.6 174 31.5 222.5 31.5
29 23.7 77.5 31.6 126 31.6 174.5 31.5 223 31.4
29.5 23.8 78 31.5 126.5 31.6 175 31.5 223.5 31.4
30 23.8 78.5 31.5 127 31.6 175.5 31.5 224 31.4
30.5 23.8 79 31.5 127.5 31.6 176 31.5 224.5 31.4
31 23.8 79.5 31.5 128 31.6 176.5 31.5 225 31.4
31.5 23.9 80 31.5 128.5 31.6 177 31.5 225.5 31.4
32 23.9 80.5 31.5 129 31.6 177.5 31.5 226 31.4
32.5 23.9 81 31.5 129.5 31.6 178 31.5 226.5 31.5
33 24 81.5 31.5 130 31.6 178.5 31.5 227 31.4
33.5 24 82 31.5 130.5 31.6 179 31.5 227.5 31.4
34 24.1 82.5 31.5 131 31.6 179.5 31.5 228 31.4
34.5 24.2 83 31.5 131.5 31.6 180 31.5 228.5 31.4
35 24.2 83.5 31.5 132 31.6 180.5 31.5 229 31.4
35.5 24.3 84 31.5 132.5 31.6 181 31.5 229.5 31.4
36 24.3 84.5 31.5 133 31.6 181.5 31.5 230 31.4
36.5 24.3 85 31.5 133.5 31.6 182 31.5 230.5 31.4
37 24.4 85.5 31.6 134 31.6 182.5 31.5 231 31.4
37.5 24.5 86 31.6 134.5 31.6 183 31.5 231.5 31.4
38 24.5 86.5 31.6 135 31.6 183.5 31.5 232 31.4
38.5 24.5 87 31.6 135.5 31.6 184 31.5 232.5 31.4
39 24.5 87.5 31.6 136 31.6 184.5 31.5 233 31.4
39.5 24.6 88 31.6 136.5 31.6 185 31.5 233.5 31.4
40 24.6 88.5 31.6 137 31.6 185.5 31.5 234 31.4
40.5 24.7 89 31.6 137.5 31.6 186 31.5 234.5 31.4
41 24.7 89.5 31.6 138 31.6 186.5 31.5 235 31.4
41.5 24.7 90 31.6 138.5 31.6 187 31.5 235.5 31.4
42 24.7 90.5 31.6 139 31.6 187.5 31.5 236 31.4
42.5 24.8 91 31.6 139.5 31.6 188 31.5 236.5 31.4
43 24.9 91.5 31.6 140 31.6 188.5 31.5 237 31.4
43.5 24.9 92 31.6 140.5 31.6 189 31.5 237.5 31.4
44 25 92.5 31.6 141 31.6 189.5 31.5 238 31.4
44.5 25 93 31.6 141.5 31.6 190 31.5 238.5 31.4
45 25 93.5 31.6 142 31.6 190.5 31.5 239 31.4
45.5 25.1 94 31.6 142.5 31.6 191 31.5 239.5 31.4
46 25.1 94.5 31.6 143 31.6 191.5 31.5 240 31.4
46.5 25.1 95 31.6 143.5 31.6 192 31.5 240.5 31.4
47 25.2 95.5 31.6 144 31.6 192.5 31.5 241 31.4
47.5 25.2 96 31.6 144.5 31.6 193 31.5 241.5 31.4
48 25.3 96.5 31.6 145 31.6 193.5 31.5 242 31.4
Mass of Metal .20213 kg
Mass of Calorimeter/ Stir .06374 kg
Mass of Calorimeter/Stir/ Water .2045 kg
Mass of Water .14076 kg
Initial Temperature Metal (98.4 (±) (.2/√105)) °C Initial temperature of Water 22.8 C
Final Temp of metal and water 31.7 C
Results
TCmq
-qsample = qcal +qwater
-(C,sample × msample × Δ Tmetal) = (Ccal × Δ Tcal)+ (C,water × mwater × Δ Twater)
(.06374 kg)(910 J/kg K)(304.7 K – 295.4 K) + (.14076 kg) (4190 J/kg K) (304.7 K-295.4 K) =
- (.20213 kg) (C,sample) (371.4 K-304.7 K- 371.4 K)
Answer: C,sample = 427.63 J/kg K
Percent Error: (|Experimental – Actual| / Actual) x 100% =
(| 427.63 -470| / 470) x 100%= 9.01%
Discussion
According to the experiment, it’s impossible to get the accurate result of this experiment. While
doing this experiment, some heat will always escape from the cup, and it will affect the
calculation. The water we’re using & the cup also absorb the heat too, and the heat will also
escape if we’ve poured the chemicals but didn’t close the cup quickly. Even though only small
amount of heat escaped, it will still affect the calculation .Therefore used the equation of heat:
TCmq to set up the rule of qsample = qcal +qwater. . After that, we get C,sample = 427.63 J/kg K,
and by using the present error, we figure out that the it is 9.01% of error which explain why
accuracy in these experiments are not very clear.
Conclusion
Materials really affects the experiment. On my experiment, if did some mistakes like; didn’t
close the cup properly and left a small hole (on the top of the cup where we put the thermometer)
and let some heat released. The use of Styrofoam also affect the experiment. If we use
other material like beaker, which takes less energy to lose heat (lets the heat escape easier). The
heat on the glass beaker will flow from the water, through the glass, and to our hand. Using
paper cup is also not recommended, because it conducts heat. It will affect the calculation and
will give us different value. To have the best accurate result, we have to make sure that all the
materials are in the best condition. Make sure we have sealed the hole accurately so there’s no
way heat will escape. Just in case, cover the Styrofoam cup with another cup for safe incase its
leaking or spilled.
Reference
Alifia, Tsamara. "Calorimetry Experiment Lab Report." School work. 2013. Web.
