Health Care Ethics

A. Legal issue

The theory has a type of utilitarianism named rule utilitarianism that is concerned with law and fairness. This rule seeks to promote the welfare of most people by encouraging fairness and justice. This type of utilitarianism values humanity and beneficence. Beneficence is the norm of doing good deeds to all (Sen, 2014).

B. Ethical principles

According to the theory persons, should aim at the maximizing happiness of their self and for others. Pain and pleasure have a critical role in creating the utility. Pain is to be reduced at all costs and pleasure is to be maximized.

C. Methodologies

The theory uses a normative system whereby the people ought to behave per a moral code. The moral law ought to be improved so as to benefit most people. The theory is guided by the morality of using common sense that governs the society on what is wrong and right.

II. Principles as well procedural methods to resolve legal and ethical problems.

A. Legal issues

According to the theory, legal issues should be handled with equality and justice. In the healthcare sector, medical practitioners should observe all laws that promote the welfare of the society so as to promote happiness. Laws should regularly be changed so as to suit the changing needs of society. Laws should aim at punishing law breakers help the community as a whole since bad behaviors are eliminated thereby benefiting the society at large

B. Ethical issues

The principle of making people should guide health care providers when resolving ethical issues. Ethical questions that surround health care provision are that heath care providers have conflicting interest with those of employers. This issue can be addressed by the companies paying them so as to align their different interest as to benefit most patients. Social justice and equality should also be a guiding principle. Healthcare providers should solve their ethical problems paying attention to the needs of patients.

III. Healthcare as a primary human need in the constraining realities of the marketplace

Healthcare as a fundamental human need is essential to all people since diseases affect every human being. Healthcare provision requires money, expertise and other resources that make health care successful. The marketplace, on the other hand, provides these resources at a very costly price such that medical care becomes difficult. Machines and technologies are expensive to acquire and also do not deal with diseases appropriately. There also exist the challenges of patients being unwilling to pay the money charged for services. Therefore, there is a conflicting interest of the healthcare providers with marketplace constraints (Duignan, 2011).

IV. Government involvement in healthcare allocation and distribution.

Government participation in allocation and distributions has helped healthcare provision a lot since it is a public good. The government has lowered the cost of medical care for patients and can access treatment and medical at almost zero cost. The government has achieved significant coverage of each and every part of the country whereby most people can access healthcare. Diseases have reduced to a great extent due to the many vaccines that are given to children, and they prevent deadly diseases that could affect the populations badly. The government is most effective since it does not segregate people, and, therefore, each and every individual has an equal opportunity of receiving treatment (Baker, 2012).

V. Transmission of healthcare information.

A. Legal standards

Information on healthcare should be transmitted in an acceptable way without violating the laws and regulations of a country. It should remain in the hands of medical practitioners such that unauthorized individuals cannot view it. It should be covered at all costs from cyber-attacks.

B. Ethical practice standards

Confidentiality is the foremost ethical practice in transmitting healthcare information. It means information concerning patients or other areas of healthcare should not be disclosed. Medical practitioners should be careful not to lose information since they depend on to provide treatment and patients can lose lives if the procedure of collecting information is repeated since it is time-consuming.

References Baker, J. R. (2012). Ethical issues in managed health care organizations. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. Duignan, B. (2011) Thinkers and theories in ethics. New York: Britannica Educational Pub. in association with Rosen Education Services. Sen, A. K. (2014). Utilitarianism and beyond. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.